家禽胚胎干细胞的研究与应用进展OA

Research on poultry embryonic stem cells,as an important interdisciplinary field bridging developmental biology and agricultural biotechnology,has achieved remarkable progress in recent years.This review systematically summarizes the fundamental characteristics,key technological breakthroughs,current challenges,and potential applications of poultry embryonic stem cells,with a focus on recent advances in the molecular mechanisms underlying pluripotency maintenance,optimization strategies for culture systems,application of gene-editing technologies,and generation of interspecies chimeras.At the molecular level,the core pluripotency regulatory network of poultry embryonic stem cells is composed of POU5F3,SOX3,and NANOG,which differs significantly from that of mammals.In particular,novel culture systems such as OT/2i and OT/3i/chLIF are highlighted.By precisely inhibiting differentiation-promoting signaling pathways including Wnt,PKC,and Activin/TGF-β,and supplementing with chicken leukemia inhibitory factor(chLIF),these systems provide long-term,stable culture support for embryonic stem cells derived from multiple avian species,including chicken,quail,duck,and goose.On this basis,the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology has been successfully applied to poultry embryonic stem cells,enabling efficient gene knock-in and site-specific modification.Furthermore,the successful generation of interspecies chimeras and the confirmation of germ cell differentiation capacity have further validated the developmental pluripotency of these cells.Finally,based on a comprehensive synthesis of existing research findings,this review identifies major challenges in the field,such as low germline transmission efficiency and insufficient long-term genetic stability,and offers a forward-looking perspective on future developments.