中医药防治慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床应用及作用机制研究进展OA

The pathological mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)are complex,and current intervention strategies are difficult to control the overall progression of the disease.Guided by the treatment principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment,TCM treats COPD based on the core pathogenesis of deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality,showing the unique advantages of multiple targets and holistic regulation.This paper systematically summarized the pathological mechanisms of COPD and the clinical and basic research progress of TCM treatment.Based on the comprehensive analysis of the etiology,pathogenesis,and modern pathological changes of COPD,this paper also summarized the clinical efficacy of TCM in the prevention and treatment of COPD and elaborated its action mechanism in depth.Clinical studies have shown that TCM compound formulas with the effects of tonifying the lungs and strengthening the spleen,nourishing the lungs and kidneys,clearing heat and dissolving phlegm,as well as external treatment methods such as acupuncture,acupoint application,and acupoint injection,can effectively improve the symptoms of cough,phlegm,shortness of breath,reduce the number of acute exacerbations,improve lung function and exercise tolerance,and significantly improve the quality of life of patients.At the level of basic research,a variety of active components such as flavonoids,saponins,and polysaccharides contained in TCM,as well as compound formulas play a protective role by intervening with multiple signaling pathways and targets,including nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3),transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)/Smad,nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt),thereby exerting multi-pathway protective effects in inhibiting inflammatory responses,alleviating oxidative stress,improving airway remodeling,regulating protease-antiprotease imbalance,and modulating programmed cell death.In addition,this paper pointed out the shortcomings in the current research field,aiming to provide new theoretical bases and research ideas for the comprehensive prevention and treatment of COPD and the modernized research of TCM.