豫南地区香菇种质资源表型多样性分析及综合评价OA

To explore the variation characteristics of phenotypic traits in Lentinula edodes germplasm resources in south-ern Henan,screen high-quality core germplasm,and improve the utilization efficiency of Lentinus edodes germplasm re-source,30 Lentinula edodes germplasm resources from southern Henan were used as materials.Nine key quantitative traits and ten quality traits were determined.The correlation analysis,phenotypic cluster analysis,and principal compo-nent analysis were used to conduct diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation on the phenotypic traits of Lentinula edodes.The results showed that the 30 tested Lentinula edodes germplasm resources had rich genetic diversity.For quanti-tative traits,the coefficient of variation ranged from 8.51%to 23.14%,and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 1.59 to 2.04;for qualitative traits,the coefficient of variation ranged from 22.14%to 42.17%,and the Shannon-Wie-ner diversity index ranged from 0.64 to 1.08.Correlation analysis indicated that the fresh mass per fruiting body had the strongest correlation with the dry mass per fruiting body(r=0.93);the cap diameter showed extremely significant posi-tive correlations with the fresh mass per fruiting body(r=0.84),dry mass per fruiting body(r=0.80),and fruiting body shape index(r=0.53).Seven principal components were obtained from different phenotypic trait indicators through prin-cipal component analysis,with a cumulative contribution rate of 78.456%.A comprehensive evaluation model was estab-lished using the variance contribution rate corresponding to the principal components as the weight coefficient,and 10 germplasm resources with excellent comprehensive traits were selected as important breeding materials.Through cluster analysis,the tested materials were divided into three functional groups:Group Ⅰ(10 germplasm resources)was the low-yield and high-quality type,with moderate performance in quantitative traits and superior performance in qualitative traits;Group Ⅱ(6 germplasm resources)was the high-yield and high-quality type,with an average fresh mass per fruiting body of 31.47 g and a biological efficiency of 81.08%,suitable for fresh sales;Group Ⅲ(14 germplasm resources)was the small-sized processing type,with an average fresh mass per fruiting body of 25.32 g,suitable for dried sales,or processing into Lentinula edodes cans and crisps.The research results provide an important theoretical reference for the evaluation and utilization of Lentinula edodes germplasm resources,parent selection and matching,and variety breeding in southern Henan.