蔬菜废弃物连续好氧发酵特性及微生物群落分析OA

To address the challenges of massive vegetable waste generation and low efficiency of conventional composting,this study employed a self-developed continuous aerobic fermentation equipment using cowpea straw as the main feedstock.The effects of different moisture contents(60%,65%,70%)and initial carbon-to-nitrogen ratios(20∶1,25∶1,30∶1)on physicochemical dynamics,maturity,and microbial community structure were systematically investigated.The results showed that a moisture content of 65%combined with a C/N ratio of 25∶1 yielded the best overall composting performance.Under these optimal conditions,the temperature in the primary fermentation chamber peaked at 65.85℃,and remained above 55℃for more than 5 d,satisfying hygienic standards.The seed germination index(GI)exceeded 85%,confirming complete maturity and the absence of phytotoxicity.Additionally,the total organic carbon(TOC)degradation rate reached 46.25%,accompanied by effective nitrogen retention and transformation.Microbial community analysis revealed that Firmicutes and Actinomycetota were the dominant phyla during composting.Notably,under optimal process conditions,the relative abundance of Actinomycetota significantly increased,accounting for 54.66%during the maturation phase.Functional genera associated with lignocellulose degradation,particularly Ornithinicoccus,were specifically enriched,whereas excessively high moisture content(70%)suppressed their proliferation.Appropriate moisture content and C/N optimized the microbial community structure,significantly enhanced the abundance and activity of functional microorganisms,thereby synergistically promoted efficient organic matter decomposition and humification.This study provides a theoretical foundation and technical reference for the continuous aerobic composting of vegetable waste.