禽传染性支气管炎新型疫苗研究进展OA

Avian infectious bronchitis virus(IBV)is one of the major pathogens responsible for avian respiratory diseases.Conventional vaccines confer relatively low cross-protective efficacy,largely due to the high genetic variability and serotype diversity of IBV.Consequently,novel vaccines,including nucleic acid vaccines,subunit vaccines,virus-like particle(VLP)vaccines,recombinant vector vaccines,and reverse genetics-based vaccines,have become a research priority.Specifically,nucleic acid and subunit vaccines are avirulent,highly safe,and can be rapidly synthesized without the need to acquire live virus,making them ideal for stockpile use;VLP vaccines,which lack a viral genome and thus carry no recombination risk,are equally safe,and can induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies that rapidly neutralize the virus at the early stage of infection,thereby restricting its spread across respiratory epithelia and blocking dissemination to viscera;recombinant vector vaccines and reverse genetics-based vaccines can induce comprehensive immune responses with favorable immunogenicity,and are also suitable for the development of multivalent or polyvalent vaccines.In this review,the research progress on these novel vaccines was summarized,aiming to provide a reference for the development of novel IBV vaccines and to lay a foundation for the prevention and control of IBV infection.