NSMP亚型子宫内膜癌相关研究的最新进展及展望:从分子生物学研究到临床诊治实践OA

Endometrial cancer is classified into four subtypes based on molecular characteristics,including polymerase-epsilon-mutated(POLEmut),microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H)/mismatch repair deficient(MMRd),no specific molecular profile(NSMP)and p53 abnormal(p53abn).NSMP subtype,which accounts for approximately half of all primary endometrial cancers and lacks characteristic molecular markers,has a moderate prognosis,and exhibits significant interindividual heterogeneity.Therefore,further research on NSMP endometrial cancer is necessary.In recent years,with the widespread application and advancement in accuracy of molecular detection technologies,studies on estrogen receptor(ER)/progesterone receptor(PR),phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten(PTEN)/phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha(PIK3CA)/phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1(PIK3R1),chromosome 1q,AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A(ARID1A),catenin beta 1(CTNNB1)and L1 cell adhesion molecule(L1CAM)in the NSMP subtype have been published,and targeted therapies based on molecular characteristics have emerged.Additionally,due to the development of single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics,the specific tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy of the NSMP subtype are also being actively explored.Therefore,this review aimed to outline and summarize the potential molecular characteristics of NSMP subtype,tumor microenvironment and recent therapeutic progress.