对抗性共生:黔东南山地稻作社会中的人鼠关系OACHSSCD

In the mountain rice-farming communities of Qiandongnan,Guizhou,rats occupy an ambivalent place:they are crop pests that feed on rice and a form of wild game in local foodways.Rat damage takes shape within an inter-connected socio-ecological field marked by mountainous terrain,farmland abandonment,the contraction of cultivation,the decline of natural predators,and labor out-migration.It emerges from the combined effects of changing local liveli-hoods and the reorganization of multi-species relations in the fields.At the level of situated interaction,human-rat encoun-ters are marked by recurring antagonism,with the positions of attack and defense shifting with the seasons.At a broader relational level,humans and rats are embedded,in different ways,in the conditions that sustain each other's lives.Their re-lationship thus assumes an asymmetrical form of interdependence held together through periodic antagonism,a configura-tion this article terms"antagonistic symbiosis".Symbiosis endures because antagonism remains bounded and incomplete;a loss of balance signals the unraveling of the symbiotic relationship.An antagonistic-symbiosis perspective illuminates the connections among changing local livelihoods,shifts in land use,and the reconfiguration of interspecies relations.From this perspective,the transformation of rice-farming society entails a reordering of relations between human and non-human life.