迈向自主知识体系:中国环境人类学标识性概念的三级标尺OACHSSCD

Whether a discipline originating from the West can generate indigenous landmark concepts and the extent to which such intellectual autonomy has advanced,constitutes a core metric for evaluating disciplinary maturity against the backdrop of"constructing China's independent knowledge system."Taking Chinese environmental anthropology as a case study,this paper operationalizes"autonomy"as a testable three-tier scale.Synthesizing the theoretical discourses of Alatas,Connell,the Comaroffs,and Chakrabarty,we distill a progressive chain of inquiry that distinguishes three levels—theoretical dependency,local adaptation,and problem reconstruction—with the restructuring of the problematique as the critical threshold.Applying this framework to examine three landmark concepts in Chinese environmental anthropology,we find that the"cultural logic of ecological reconstruction"and the"environmental shaping thesis"display first-tier fea-tures in the texts examined,while the theory of"environmental resource industries"has completed the transition from the first to the second level of adaptation.None of the three shows evidence of crossing the third-tier threshold,leading to the conclusion that Chinese environmental anthropology as a whole remains in a formative rather than mature stage.Research has found that the criterion for measuring theoretical autonomy lies not in surpassing or complementing Western theories,but in the capacity to restructure the problem itself.