干旱引起树木死亡及其监测研究进展OACHSSCD

As one of the global natural disasters,drought exhibits concealment and complexity in its occurrence and development processes,which can have severe impacts on forests and terrestrial ecosystems.In recent years,a large body of research has shown that drought has become one of the key abiotic stresses causing stunted tree growth and mass tree degradation and mortality.Drought manifests differently across various temporal scales and climatic conditions.It disrupts and impairs the physiological and ecological processes of trees primarily through mechanisms such as hydrological failure,carbon starvation and biological attacks,thereby indirectly weakening forests'defense capabilities,increasing the risk of pest and disease infestations,and ultimately leading to tree mortality.The impacts of drought are not limited to individual trees;they also exert far-reaching effects on global carbon balance and tree mortality patterns through interactions involving forest community structure and function,composition of specific species,and water vapor transport within the land-atmosphere water balance framework.Although the understanding of drought types,determining tree mortality determination methods,and the mechanisms underlying drought-induced tree mortality has progressively deepened in recent years,significant uncertainties remain regarding the research on how drought causes tree mortality and how to monitor drought-induced tree mortality.In view of the definition and classification of drought,this paper analyzes the patterns of tree mortality under different drought types and stress mechanisms,summarizes the mechanisms by which drought causes tree mortality and the various monitoring methods available,and reviews the major research advances and scientific understanding regarding the relationship between drought and tree mortality.It is aimed to provide an effective reference for monitoring forest health,issuing drought risk warnings,and implementing precise forest management,thereby contributing to a more accurate assessment of the vulnerability and resilience of forest ecosystems.