蜀绣针法、绣法与技法的层次分类研究OA

Shu embroidery has a long history and a well-developed technical system,but its operational techniques have long been transmitted mainly through experience-based practice,which has resulted in evident ambiguity in conceptual usage and classification logic.Especially in modern and contemporary literature and practice,the term stitching techniques has been widely used as a general designation for Shu embroidery operational techniques,and different operational levels have been conceptually conflated,leading to the overgeneralization of stitching techniques,the functional ambiguity of embroidery methods,and the long-term absence of a technical methods level.This situation has hindered a clear understanding of the structural organization of Shu embroidery techniques and has restricted their systematic transmission.With the establishment of modern education systems,the deepening of intangible cultural heritage protection,and the upgrading of cultural consumption,Shu embroidery urgently needs to shift from an experience-based transmission model to a knowledge-based system supported by theoretical construction. This study systematically reviews historical literature on Shu embroidery technique classification since the Qing Dynasty together with contemporary research achievements,and,in combination with materials from the Chengdu Shu Embroidery Factory,relevant monographs,and visual records,reveals a historical transition from the coexistence of stitching techniques and embroidery methods to the dominance of stitching techniques as an overarching category.It further explores,from the perspectives of transmission modes,production orientation,and market demand,the reasons for the long-term absence of hierarchical classification of Shu embroidery operational techniques and the necessity of reconstructing such a classification under current social conditions.On this basis,through field investigation and practical analysis,the compositional patterns and functional orientations of specific Shu embroidery techniques are verified,and problems such as the dominance of stitching techniques,the absence of a technical methods level,and the misclassification of brocade pattern stitches are examined.The results show that Shu embroidery operational techniques exhibit clear hierarchical differences in terms of functional objectives,organizational patterns,and operational logic,and that subsuming all techniques under the category of stitching techniques fails to reflect their actual structural characteristics.In response,this study introduces technical methods as an independent level into the Shu embroidery operational technique system for the first time and constructs a three-tier classification framework of stitching techniques-embroidery methods-technical methods.Within this framework,stitching techniques are defined as the form,arrangement,and movement path of individual stitches,embroidery methods are defined as the realization of specific decorative patterns and overall stylistic effects,and technical methods are defined as auxiliary means for enhancing visual effects and hierarchical expression.On this basis,from the perspectives of compositional logic and operational attributes,the study further demonstrates that brocade pattern stitches are not variations of individual stitch forms,but an embroidery system centered on pattern organization,and therefore should be classified as embroidery methods rather than stitching techniques. The main innovation of this study lies in introducing technical methods as an independent level into the Shu embroidery operational technique system and,on this basis,constructing a three-tier classification structure of stitching techniques-embroidery methods-technical methods,thereby fundamentally breaking away from the long-standing cognitive inertia of using stitching techniques to encompass multiple operational levels.This hierarchical classification framework not only helps to deepen the theoretical understanding of the structural organization of Shu embroidery techniques,but also provides theoretical support and innovative impetus for their systematic teaching and transmission practice.