单向导湿纺织品的研究与应用进展OA

Efficient regulation of liquid transport is a critical issue in the development of functional textiles and advanced porous materials.In conventional homogeneous fabrics,liquid diffusion generally occurs isotropically because the pore distribution and surface wettability are relatively uniform.As a result,moisture tends to accumulate within the textile structure,leading to slow evaporation and reduced moisture management efficiency.These limitations restrict the performance of traditional textiles in applications requiring rapid liquid transport and effective moisture control.In recent years,unidirectional moisture transport textiles have emerged as an important class of functional materials capable of regulating directional liquid migration through asymmetric structural design.By enabling spontaneous liquid transport in a preferred direction while suppressing reverse flow,these materials provide an efficient strategy for controlling water movement in fibrous structures.Owing to their ability to achieve directional liquid transfer without external energy input,unidirectional moisture transport textiles have attracted increasing attention and have become promising materials for sustainable applications such as personal thermal-moisture management,environmental remediation,and biomedical engineering. The directional transport behavior of liquid in these materials originates from the coupling of multiple physicochemical mechanisms.Specifically,the differential capillary effect is widely considered the fundamental driving force for unidirectional moisture transport in fibrous and porous systems.When differences in pore size distribution,fiber arrangement,or surface wettability exist within a textile structure,a capillary pressure gradient is generated across the material.This pressure difference drives liquid from regions with lower capillary force toward regions with higher capillary force,thereby forming a preferential transport pathway.In addition,asymmetric microstructures can generate a Laplace pressure difference that further promotes directional penetration of liquid through the material thickness.Wettability gradients constructed through surface modification also induce surface energy differences that facilitate spontaneous droplet migration along the gradient direction.In practical materials,these mechanisms usually operate cooperatively to establish stable one-way liquid transport channels.Based on these principles,extensive studies have focused on the structural design and fabrication of unidirectional moisture transport textiles.Surface modification technologies,including chemical coating,plasma treatment,and grafting,are widely used to construct hydrophilic-hydrophobic asymmetric interfaces on textile substrates.Meanwhile,gradient porous structures and multilayer composite architectures are often designed to regulate capillary pressure distribution and optimize liquid transport pathways.In addition,biomimetic structural strategies inspired by natural water transport systems have been introduced to improve directional transport efficiency.More recently,the incorporation of stimuli-responsive functional materials has enabled active regulation of liquid transport behavior.For instance,photothermal materials can convert solar energy into heat to accelerate moisture evaporation and enhance liquid transport efficiency,whereas pH-responsive materials can dynamically adjust surface wettability under varying environmental conditions,thereby enabling adaptive moisture management. With the continuous development of structural engineering and functional finishing technologies,unidirectional moisture transport textiles have demonstrated broad application potential in multiple fields.In personal thermal-moisture management,such textiles can rapidly transfer sweat from the skin side to the outer surface of garments,thereby maintaining a relatively dry microclimate between the skin and clothing and significantly improving wearing comfort during physical activity.In biomedical applications,asymmetric moisture transport structures have been used in wound dressings to remove excess exudate while maintaining an appropriate moist environment that promotes tissue regeneration and reduces infection risk.In addition,the concept of directional liquid transport has been extended to environmental fields such as oil-water separation and atmospheric water harvesting.By rationally designing multiscale structural gradients and wettability gradients,these materials can effectively improve liquid separation efficiency and enhance water collection performance.Despite the remarkable progress achieved in recent years,several challenges remain in the development of unidirectional moisture transport textiles.The long-term stability of wettability gradients and functional coatings under repeated washing,mechanical deformation,and environmental exposure still requires further improvement.Furthermore,the integration of multifunctional properties,including antibacterial activity,durability,and environmental compatibility,remains an important research direction.Future studies should therefore focus on optimizing asymmetric structural architectures,developing more robust surface modification techniques,and exploring scalable fabrication processes.These efforts will further promote the practical application of unidirectional moisture transport textiles in textile engineering,biomedical materials,and environmental protection.