粒重对橡胶树GT1种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响OA
Effects of Seed Weight on Germination and Seedling Growth in Rub-ber Tree(Hevea brasiliensis)Clone GT1
为明确橡胶树 GT1 种子粒重对育苗质量的影响,揭示其在种子形态、水分生理、根系发育及幼苗建成中的作用,本研究以平均粒重为界,将 GT1 种子分为平均粒重以上(T1)和平均粒重以下(T2)2 组处理,比较 2 组处理种子的形态指标、吸水与失水动态、萌发后根系特征、幼苗生长性状、芽接前砧木苗形态及芽接后抽生新梢生长指标,并采用 t 检验和 Spearman 相关分析开展统计.结果表明:(1)T1 处理种子的宽度和高度均显著大于 T2 处理(P<0.01),T1 处理种子占比(54.61%)极显著高于 T2 处理(45.39%).(2)萌发前 1～3 d,T2 处理种子的吸水率较 T1 处理极显著高 58.37%、52.48%、47.35%,且失水速率更快.(3)与 T1 处理种子相比,T2 处理种子萌发后的二级侧根数量和一级侧根长度分别减少 37.56%和 35.75%;第一、第二蓬叶稳定期,幼苗株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽及叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)多显著偏低;芽接前砧木茎粗、叶宽分别显著降低 7.67%、12.55%;芽接后新梢株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽分别显著下降 7.08%、4.66%、10.25%、5.46%,种子粒重对芽接成活率、叶片 SPAD 影响差异不显著.(4)播种时种子粒重与第二蓬叶稳定期多项生长指标(茎粗、株高、叶长等)呈弱至中等显著正相关(r=0.1447～0.3459).综上,GT1 平均粒重以上种子在形态、水分调控、根系发育及全周期幼苗生长上均具备明显优势.生产中建议优先选用平均粒重以上的种子,通过粒重分级提升砧木苗质量与后续苗木整齐度,为橡胶树标准化、智能化育苗提供理论与技术支撑.
To clarify the effects of seed weight of rubber tree clone GT1 on seedling quality and to reveal its roles in seed morphology,water physiology,root development and seedling establishment,GT1 seeds were divided into two groups:above-average weight(T1)and below-average weight(T2)based on the average seed weight.The morphological traits,water uptake and water loss dynamics,post-germination root traits,seedling growth traits,rootstock morphology before budding,and new shoot growth after budding between the two groups were compared with statistical analyses using t-tests and Spearman correlation analyses.The width and height were significantly greater in T1 than in T2(P<0.01),and the proportion of T1 seeds(54.61%)was significantly higher than that of T2(45.39%).During the first 1-3 days before germination,the water absorption rate of T2 seeds was significantly higher than those of T1 by 58.37%,52.48%and 47.35%respectively,and T2 seeds also exhibited faster water loss rates.Compared with T1,T2 seeds showed a 37.56%reduction in the number of secondary lateral roots and a 35.75%shorter primary lateral root length after ger-mination.At the stable stages of the first and second whorl leaves,seedling height,stem diameter,leaf length,leaf width and SPAD values were mostly significantly lower in T2.Before budding,rootstock stem diameter and leaf width in T2 were significantly reduced by 7.67%and 12.55%,respectively.After budding,new shoot height,stem diameter,leaf length and leaf width in T2 decreased by 7.08%,4.66%,10.25%and 5.46%,respectively,while seed weight had no sig-nificant effect on budding survival rate or leaf SPAD value.At sowing,seed weight showed significant weak and mod-erate positive correlations(r=0.1447～0.3459)with most growth indicators(stem diameter,plant height,leaf length,etc.)at the stable stage of two whorl leaves.In conclusion,seeds with above-average weight in GT1 had obvious advantages in morphology,water regulation,root development and full?cycle seedling growth.It is recommended to preferentially select seeds above the average weight,and seed grading can be employed to improve rootstock quality and subsequent seedling uniformity,thereby providing theoretical and technical support for standardized and intelligent nursery produc-tion of rubber trees.
陈先红;王军;白先权
中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南 海口 571101中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南 海口 571101海南天然橡胶产业集团股份有限公司种苗分公司,海南 海口 570226
农业科技
橡胶树种子粒重萌发幼苗生长
Hevea brasiliensisseedseed weightgerminationseedling growth
《热带作物学报》 2026 (9)
2245-2252,8
海南省自然科学基金项目(No.326MS0289)现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(No.CARS-34-YZ4).
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