美、欧、日、印等国家和地区科技安全治理逻辑比较分析及对华启示OACHSSCD

Taking major countries and regions such as the United States,the European Union,Japan,and India as subjects,this study comparatively analyzes the differences and commonalities in their science and technology(S&T)security governance rationales.The findings reveal that each country has distinct governance priorities:the United States tends to maintain its technological leadership through means such as export controls,technology alliances,and supply chain localization,with policies showing a strong competitive orientation;the European Union emphasizes legislation as a guide,pursuing technological sovereignty and digital autonomy;Japan focuses on industrial security,seeking strategic autonomy within its alliance framework while promoting catch-up in key technological areas;India adopts a pragmatic strategy,protecting its core domestic interests through high-tech industrial policies and foreign investment regulations.Common trends among these countries include elevating S&T security to the core of national strategy,building legalized policy systems,strengthening supply chain resilience and technological sovereignty,and enhancing ethical regulation of emerging technologies.Based on international comparisons,this paper proposes implications for China's S&T security governance,such as strengthening top-level coordination and overall planning,improving laws and regulations,innovating policy toolkits,constructing a risk governance framework,and enhancing self-reliance capability through open cooperation.This provides a useful analytical framework and policy options for addressing China's current challenge of balancing development and security.