政策工具视角下的美国人工智能政策演进分析OACHSSCD

Artificial intelligence(AI)has emerged as a critical domain in global technological competition and strategic rivalry.The evolution of the United States policies in this field significantly influences global AI governance.Based on the policy instrument theory,this study systematically codes and conducts a comparative analysis of the U.S.federal AI policy texts since the Trump administration took office in 2017,examining the selection and evolution of policy instruments across different periods.The findings reveal that the overall structure of the U.S.AI policy is characterized by environmental instruments,supported by supply-side instruments and supplemented by demand-side instruments.Significant differences exist in policy instrument configuration between the two administrations:the Trump administration emphasized supply-side and demand-side policy tools to strengthen technological innovation and industrial competitiveness,while the Biden administration has focused more on environmental policy instruments,highlighting a governance-oriented approach.Overall,the U.S.AI policy demonstrates a dynamic evolution from"technological competition"to"governance and regulation,"and then back to"strengthened competition."This research contributes to a systematic understanding of the evolutionary logic of the U.S.AI policy and provides a reference for other countries conducting studies on AI governance.