180份陆地棉种质资源纤维品质鉴定及综合评价OA

[Objective]This study aims to characterize the fiber quality traits of Gossypium hirsutum germplasm resources and to determine their genetic diversity and potential for improvement.[Methods]A panel of 180 G.hirsutum germplasm resources was planted across two experimental locations(Manas and Yuepuhu)for two consecutive cotton growing seasons.Five fiber quality-related traits were measured,and multiple statistical approaches,including genetic diversity analysis,variance analysis,correlation analysis,cluster analysis,and principal component analysis,were adopted to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the tested germplasms.[Results]The genetic diversity index of the test materials ranged from 0.68 to 1.37.The coefficient of variation for breaking elongation was highest(15.81％)at the Yuepuhu trial site in 2025,and lowest(0.98％)at the Manas trial site in 2024.Highly significant differences(P＜0.01)in fiber quality traits were observed among both genotypes and environments for the cotton germplasm accessions tested.Introduced varieties from other breeders showed higher variation in fiber length,uniformity index,and breaking tenacity,whereas self-bred varieties by our team possessed greater variation in micronaire and breaking elongation.All fiber quality traits were significantly correlated with each other.The tested germplasms were classified into five clusters based on cluster analysis.Two principal components were extracted,with a cumulative contribution rate of 73.56％.Ultimately,ten elite accessions with superior comprehensive performance were screened according to the comprehensive D value:Jinfeng T299,Shouxin H-157,ZJL1224,Jinfeng T390,Shouxin HS-173,AW1448,ZJL1348,Zhongshengmian 21,AW1031,1059G.[Conclusion]The tested G.hirsutum population exhibits abundant genetic diversity,and distinct phenotypic differences are observed among germplasms from different sources.The screened elite accessions can serve as outstanding parental materials,providing valuable insights for the directional improvement of fiber quality and the optimization of breeding efficiency in upland cotton.