寄主诱导与喷雾诱导基因沉默防控疫霉病害的研究进展OA

Phytophthora species cause several destructive diseases,including potato late blight,soybean Phytophthora root rot,pepper blight,and tobacco black shank.These diseases are currently controlled mainly with chemical fungicides;however,their long-term and repeated use can promote the development of fungicide resistance and increase the risk of pesticide residues.RNA interference(RNAi)regulates gene expression through small RNA-mediated,sequence-specific gene silencing and therefore provides a new strategy for the environmentally friendly management of Phytophthora diseases.Host-induced gene silencing(HIGS)relies on plants to produce small RNAs targeting essential genes of Phytophthora pathogens,thereby inducing gene silencing in the pathogen.Spray-induced gene silencing(SIGS),in contrast,induces pathogen gene silencing through the exogenous application of double-stranded RNA or small interfering RNA.This review summarizes RNAi systems in plants and Phytophthora species,as well as the mechanisms of cross-kingdom RNA transport,and reviews recent advances in the use of HIGS and SIGS for the control of Phytophthora diseases.Particular emphasis is placed on target gene selection,cross-kingdom RNA transport and uptake,and RNA delivery systems,together with current limitations related to efficacy assessment,formulation stability,and biosafety.This review is intended to provide a theoretical basis for reducing dependence on chemical pesticides and developing precise and sustainable strategies for the management of Phytophthora diseases.