基于绿色基因指纹的优质稻品种古早占的选育及应用评价OA

To breed resource-saving and environ-ment-friendly green super rice varieties,this study em-ployed a rice 40 K green gene chip,covering 115 function-al loci,for precise genotyping of 53 advanced lines.A line aggregating the highest number of green functional genes was selected and named Guzaozhan(GZZ).An incom-plete diallel cross was carried out between seven sterile lines and three male parents(GZZ,Huazhan and Jiahe 165),yielding 21 hybrid combinations.Agronomic traits and combining ability were systematically evaluated.Hap-lotype analysis revealed that the conventional indica variety GZZ carried 48 favorable alleles for green traits,47 of which could be traced back to three parents.These genes were dis-tributed in functionally related clusters or modular patterns within the genome,indicating potential for multiple stress resis-tance.Combining ability analysis showed that GZZ exhibited moderate general combining ability(GCA=-0.61)for yield traits,but its specific combining ability with Yuanheng S reached 19.56.This combination achieved a grain yield per plant of 152.53 g and showed significant advantages in panicle length and 1 000-grain weight.Analysis of variance confirmed that the genotypes of sterile lines and restorer lines,as well as their interaction,had highly significant or significant effects on hybrid progeny yield.This study successfully identified and developed a new elite germplasm,GZZ,which aggregates 48 green functional genes.When crossed with sterile lines carrying specific genetic backgrounds,this germplasm can fully exert high-yield heterosis,providing core germplasm and theoretical support for molecular design breeding of green super rice in southern China.