咸水补充灌溉对南疆棉田土壤水盐和棉花产量的影响OA
Effects of Supplemental Saline Water Irrigation on Soil Water-Salt Status and Cotton Yield in Southern Xinjiang Cotton Fields
为探究不同咸水补充灌溉模式下,对土壤水盐运移、养分含量和棉花产量的影响.以当地常规淡水(0.5~1.0 g/L)灌溉处理作为对照(CK),设置6种咸水补灌模式:G1(蕾期1次,定额的9.9%)、G2(蕾期与花期各1次,定额的20%)、G3(蕾期2次,铃期1次,定额的28.9%)、G4(蕾期2次,花期与铃期各1次,定额的40%)、G5(蕾期2次,花期1次,铃期2次,定额的51.1%)以及G6(全生育期咸水灌溉,定额的100%),于2024年4-10月进行棉花大田试验.结果表明,在咸水补灌模式下,G3处理能有效优化土壤水分空间分布,在吐絮期使0~40 cm土层含水率较CK显著提高23.1%,并抑制了盐分过度表聚.G4处理对提升土壤肥力效果最佳,使0~20 cm土层有机质和全氮含量分别增加56.38%和64.71%.适度咸水补灌可促进棉花增产并提高灌溉水分生产率,G1和G2处理使产量分别提高8.66%和7.57%,灌溉水分生产率分别提高8.21%和7.46%;但G5、G6处理过量补灌,导致产量与灌溉水分生产率显著下降.因此,在淡水资源匮乏的情况下,推荐使用5.21~5.92 g/L的咸水在蕾期补灌1次或者在蕾期与花期各补灌1次的补灌模式.这2种补灌模式可在调控水盐、维持肥力与保障产量之间实现较优平衡,为南疆棉田咸水资源安全利用提供了理论依据.
To investigate the effects of different saline water supplemental irrigation patterns on soil water-salt transport,nutrient content,and cotton yield.Using conventional freshwater irrigation(0.5~1.0 g/L)as the control(CK),six saline water supplemental irrigation patterns were established:G1(one application during bud stage at 9.9%of standard rate),G2(one application each during bud and flowering stages at 20%of standard rate),G3(two applications during bud stage and one during boll stage at 28.9%of standard rate),G4(twice during budding,once during flowering and boll development,40%of standard rate),G5(twice during budding,once during flowering,twice during boll development,51.1%of standard rate),and G6(saline water irrigation throughout the entire growth period,100%of standard rate).Field trials were conducted from April to October 2024.Results indicated that under the saline water supplemental irrigation pattern,the G3 treatment effectively optimized the spatial distribution of soil moisture.During the boll opening stage,soil moisture content in the 0~40 cm layer was significantly increased by 23.1%compared to the CK,while also suppressing excessive salt accumulation at the soil surface.Treatment G4 demonstrated the most pronounced effect on enhancing soil fertility,increasing organic matter and total nitrogen content in the 0~20 cm soil layer by 56.38%and 64.71%,respectively.Moderate saline water supplemental irrigation promoted cotton yield increase and improved irrigation water productivity.Treatments G1 and G2 increased yields by 8.66%and 7.57%,respectively,while irrigation water productivity improved by 8.21%and 7.46%.However,excessive supplemental irrigation in treatments G5 and G6 led to significant decreases in both yield and irrigation water productivity.Therefore,under conditions of scarce freshwater resources,it is recommended to use brackish water with salinity levels of 5.21~5.92 g/L for one supplemental irrigation during the bud stage or for one supplemental irrigation each during the bud and flowering stages.These two supplemental irrigation patterns achieve an relatively optimal balance between regulating water and salt,maintaining fertility,and ensuring yield,providing a theoretical basis for the safe utilization of brackish water resources in cotton fields in southern Xinjiang.
郭佳琪;丁邦新;白云岗;周豪杰;柴仲平;曹彪;麦麦提艾麦尔·麦提图尔荪;张智博
新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052新疆维吾尔自治区水利厅,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830036新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052新疆维吾尔自治区水利水电科学研究院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830049新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
农业科技
棉花咸水补充灌溉盐分表聚土壤理化性质棉花产量
cottonsaline water supplementary irrigationsurface salt accumulationsoil physicochemical propertiescotton yield
《节水灌溉》 2026 (9)
16-24,9
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2024A03006-3)新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室开放课题(24XJTRZW05)国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(52269017).
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