从资源安全到经济安全:日本非洲关键矿产战略的调整及其影响OACHSSCD

The global energy transition has increased the strategic importance of critical minerals such as cobalt,lithium,platinum-group metals,and graphite,elevating Africa's position in Japan's resource policy.Japan's accelerated engagement in Africa is driven by its limited domestic resources,growing industrial demand,private-sector reluctance to enter high-risk markets,and external pressures from critical-mineral competition increasingly structured around rules,transport corridors,and alliances.Japan's approach has shifted from the traditional resource-security goals of stabilizing imports and diversifying supply sources toward an economic-security framework emphasizing industrial-chain resilience,technological competitiveness,and the capacity to participate in international rule-making.To move beyond the predominantly market-driven model previously reliant on corporate procurement and investment by general trading companies,Japan is seeking to strengthen its presence in African resource-producing countries through a range of measures combining political and economic instruments.These include resource diplomacy,early-stage government involvement,coordination among policy-based institutions,support for priority projects,and transport corridor development.Japan is also strengthening policy coordination with the United States and Europe through frameworks such as the Minerals Security Partnership and the Group of Seven,while using the Tokyo International Conference on African Development to maintain its own cooperation agenda for Africa.Although these efforts are unlikely to enable Japan to acquire large-scale mining interests or establish substantial processing capacity in Africa in the short term,the financing mechanisms,supply-chain certification frameworks,and the development-cooperation narratives it supports are increasing competitive pressure on Chinese enterprises in African project markets.China therefore needs to consolidate its existing advantages in mining investment and infrastructure development while strengthening its capabilities in local value addition,environmental and social governance,supply-chain certification,and international rule-making.