中天山典型区域雪崩动力学特征及空间分布OA
Dynamic characteristics of snow avalanches and their spatial patterns in typical regions of the Central Tianshan Mountains
中天山地区冬春季节雪崩频发,严重威胁区域交通与生命财产安全.然而,区域雪崩事件的动力学特征及空间分布尚缺乏研究;同时,雪崩在不同运动阶段和运动路径的动力学特征演变规律尚不清晰,限制了对雪崩灾害的科学评估.本研究基于实地调查和遥感解译资料,以中天山雪崩频发区典型年份隆冬季节的76处雪崩为研究对象,在分析区域雪崩事件空间分布特征的基础上,根据RAMMS模型雪崩模拟结果,探究了研究区雪崩的动力学特征及其时空演变规律.结果表明:(1)研究区隆冬雪崩以连续降雪和暴雪过程为物质基础,以温度日内剧烈变化为诱因,规模以小型雪崩为主(约占88％),雪崩点大部分(89％)分布于阳坡及半阳坡区域,且其坡度集中于25°～50°区间(约占88％).(2)不同雪崩点之间的动力学特征差异显著,各雪崩释放量范围为8.5～672.2 m3,最大流动高度0.33～2.05 m,最大流动速度2.8～15.1 m·s-1,最大冲击力1.84～68.65 kPa,抛程和坡度对雪崩动力学特征影响显著.(3)典型雪崩历时约130 s,起始阶段速度和冲击力不断增加,滑动阶段动能仍保持较高水平,堆积阶段动力减弱;雪崩流动高度在运动路径上呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势,雪崩冲击力在运动路径上呈现先上升后下降的趋势,这些变化趋势受地形交汇影响较大.研究结果揭示了中天山典型区域的雪崩动力学特征,可供区域雪崩防治和交通线路风险管理参考.
Snow avalanches frequently occur in the Central Tianshan Mountains during winter and spring,seri-ously threatening regional transportation,life,and property.However,their dynamic characteristics and spatial distribution remain unclear.Moreover,the evolution of avalanche dynamics across different motion stages and paths remains unclear,hindering scientific hazard assessment.Based on field investigations and remote sensing data,this study examines 76 avalanches that occurred during the mid-winter of a typical year in an avalanche-prone area of the Central Tianshan Mountains.The spatial distribution characteristics of regional snow avalanch-es were analyzed,and their dynamic characteristics and spatiotemporal evolution were investigated using the RAMMS avalanche model.The results indicate the following:(1)Mid-winter avalanches in the study area are pri-marily triggered by continuous snowfall and snowstorms,with drastic diurnal temperature fluctuations acting as the inducing factor.Most avalanches are small in scale(approximately 88％),occur on sunny slopes(89％),and occur on slopes of 25°-50°(88％).(2)Dynamic characteristics differed substantially among different avalanche sites:release volumes ranged from 8.5 to 672.2 m3,maximum flow heights from 0.33 to 2.05 m,maximum flow ve-locities from 2.8 to 15.1 m·s-1,and maximum impact pressures from 1.84 to 68.65 kPa.Runout distance and slope gradient markedly influenced avalanche dynamics.(3)A typical avalanche lasts approximately 130 s.Velocity and impact pressure increase during the initial stage,kinetic energy remains relatively high during sliding,and dynamic forces diminish during deposition.Flow height along the motion path first decreases and increases,whereas impact pressure first increases and decreases,with both trends markedly influenced by terrain convergence.These findings reveal the dynamic characteristics of snow avalanches in typical regions of the Central Tianshan Mountains and pro-vide references for regional avalanche prevention and transportation risk management.
杜帅良;杨金明;黄法融;冯挺;李宏达;杨治纬;魏雯瑜;李兰海
中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011||中国科学院大学,北京 100049中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011||中国科学院大学,北京 100049中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011||中国科学院大学,北京 100049中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011||中国科学院大学,北京 100049||新疆交通规划勘察设计研究院有限公司,新疆高寒高海拔山区交通基础设施安全与健康重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830006新疆工程学院土木工程学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830023中国科学院大学,北京 100049||浙江工业大学地理信息学院,浙江 杭州 310023
雪崩动力学特征空间分布RAMMS模型中天山
snow avalanchedynamics characteristicsspatial distributionRAMMS modelCentral Tianshan Mountains
《干旱区研究》 2026 (9)
1805-1820,16
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFC3013400)第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk0600)西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202-501ZY0006)
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