地膜、生物炭与密度协同对西北玉米生理特性、水氮利用及抗旱性的影响OA
Synergy effects of film mulching,biochar application and planting density on physiological traits,water-nitrogen utilization and drought resistance of maize in Northwest China
[目的]探明不同农艺措施对玉米生理特性、水氮利用及抗旱性的影响,以期为该类地区筛选节水高产栽培模式.[方法]设置了 2 种覆盖方式(M0:无覆盖和 M1:黑色地膜覆盖)、3 个密度梯度(低密度(D1):45 000株/hm2、当地玉米种植密度(D2):60 000 株/hm2 和高密度(D3):75 000 株/hm2)和3 个生物炭添加量(不添加(B0):0 t/hm2、低添加量(B15):15 t/hm2 和高添加量(B30):30 t/hm2)三因素随机区组试验,系统监测了玉米生长发育、水氮利用指标及抗旱性能.[结果]①D3M1B30处理对土壤孔隙度的改善效果优于单一措施,较D2M0B0处理提升7.68%.地膜覆盖与生物炭添加显著增强土壤结构稳定性与保水能力,D3M1B30处理玉米水分利用效率较 D2M0B0 处理提升 59.78%,同时增加氮素利用效率.②2个试验年份 D3 处理玉米穗数较 D2 处理平均增加 17.73%,产量增加 2.04%.2023-2024年 D3M1B30处理籽粒产量较 D2M0B0 处理平均提高 37.43%,2024 年收获指数达45.42%.③B30处理抗旱指数较B0处理平均提高11.87%.D3B30处理抗旱指数较D2B0处理提高5.95%,抗旱指数与作物产量显著正相关(R2=0.684).[结论]在西北旱作区,地膜覆盖、生物炭施加(30 t/hm2)与高密度种植(D3M1B30)三者协同是兼顾玉米高产高效与增强保水抗旱能力的适宜栽培模式,具有良好的地域适配性.
[Objective]To investigate the effects of different agronomic practices on the physiological characteristics,water and nitrogen utilization and drought resistance of maize,so as to identify a water-saving and high-yield cultivation patterns suitable for this region.[Method]A three-factor randomized block experiment was conducted,including two mulching treatments(M0,no mulching;M1,black plastic film mulching),three plant densities(D1,low density:45 000 plants/hm2;D2,local conventional density:60 000 plants/hm2;D3,high density:75 000 plants/hm2),and three biochar application rates(B0,no biochar:0 t/hm2;B15,low application rate:15 t/hm2;B30,high application rate:30 t/hm2).Maize growth and development,water and nitrogen use indices and drought resistance were systematically monitored.[Result]①The D3M1B30 treatment improved soil porosity more effectively than any single practice,with an increase of 7.68%compared with the D2M0B0.Plastic film mulching combined with biochar application significantly enhanced soil structural stability and water-holding capacity.The water use efficiency of maize under D3M1B30 was 59.78%higher than that under D2M0B0,accompanied by an increased in nitrogen use efficiency.②In the two experimental years,the number of ears under D3 was averagely increased by 17.73%,and grain yield rosed by 2.04 %relative to D2.During 2023-2024,the grain yield of the D3M1B30 was averagely enhanced by 37.43%compared with the D2M0B0,and the harvest index reached 45.42%in 2024.③The drought resistance index of the B30 was averagely 11.87%higher than that of the B0.The drought resistance index under D3B30 increased by 5.95%relative to D2B0,and the drought-resistance index was significantly positively correlated with crop yield(R2=0.684).[Conclusion]In the dry-farming regions of Northwest China,the combination of plastic film mulching,biochar application at 30 t/hm2 and high-density planting(D3M1B30)represents a suitable cultivation pattern for simultaneously achieving high maize yield and resource-use efficiency while enhancing soil water retention and drought resistance,and shows good regional adaptability.
李昌见;张煊淘;闫顺领;万奇霖;杜彭涛;吕冬丽;高晓东;赵西宁
西北农林科技大学 水土保持科学与工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100||水土保持与荒漠化整治全国重点实验室,陕西 杨凌 712100西北农林科技大学 水利与建筑工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100西北农林科技大学 水利与建筑工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100西北农林科技大学 水利与建筑工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100西北农林科技大学 水土保持科学与工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100西北农林科技大学 水土保持科学与工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100西北农林科技大学 水土保持科学与工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100||水土保持与荒漠化整治全国重点实验室,陕西 杨凌 712100西北农林科技大学 水土保持科学与工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100||水土保持与荒漠化整治全国重点实验室,陕西 杨凌 712100
农业科技
生物炭种植密度地膜覆盖玉米产量抗旱指数
biocharplanting densityplastic film mulchingmaize yielddrought resistance index
《灌溉排水学报》 2026 (9)
1-13,13
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900700)陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024NC-ZDCYL-02-04)
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