神经调控技术在脑卒中后运动功能障碍中的应用OA

Neuromodulation techniques have witnessed recent advances and demonstrated translational application potential in the rehabilitation of post-stroke motor dysfunction.Based on three core pathological characteristics:impaired neuroplasticity recon-struction,functional dissociation of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuit,and differences in neurometabolic reserves,this review systematically evaluates the intervention mechanisms and evidence for multimodal techniques including repetitive transcranial mag-netic stimulation(rTMS),transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS),transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS),transcra-nial focused ultrasound(tFUS),and targeted vagus nerve stimulation(VNS).rTMS improves motor function by modulating inter-hemispheric inhibitory balance and synaptic long-term potentiation;tDCS combined with temporally specific training optimizes mo-tor memory consolidation;tACS reorganizes cross-frequency coupling of neural oscillations through frequency-specific interven-tion;tFUS enables precise regulation of deep brain nuclei owing to its high spatial resolution;and VNS enhances synaptic plasticity via neurotransmitter release.Current research has overcome the limitations of slow onset and long treatment duration associated with traditional rehabilitation,establishing a novel intervention system based on the modulation of neural oscillation synchrony and reor-ganization of neural networks.Neuromodulation techniques are currently transitioning from single stimulation paradigms to multi-modal synergistic interventions.Future integration of brain-computer interface(BCI),multi-omics biomarkers,and digital twin tech-nologies will enable the construction of individualized parameter optimization models and closed-loop adaptive regulation systems,driving the transformation of stroke rehabilitation from"standardized treatment"to"precision remodeling".