多目标导向下的人工湿地建设研究与实践——以河北省邯郸市两高湿地为例OACHSSCD

[Objective]Given the limitations of conventional constructed wetland projects that prioritize a single function and thus fail to systematically tackle interconnected urban water challenges—such as waterlogging,water pollution,and ecological degradation—this study proposes a construction methodology for multi-objective oriented composite constructed wetlands.Its primary purpose is to deliver replicable technical theories and practical guidelines for urban wetland development amid rapid urbanization and escalating global climate change.In recent decades,the acceleration of urbanization and the intensification of extreme weather events have exposed cities worldwide to increasingly severe water-related challenges.In China alone,over 360 cities have been afflicted by waterlogging since 2007,while nearly 400 cities grapple with water scarcity.The erratic spatiotemporal distribution of water resources,coupled with the underutilization of non-traditional water sources like rainwater and reclaimed water,has further exacerbated the imbalance between water supply and demand.Traditional research on constructed wetlands has predominantly focused on isolated aspects,such as water purification efficiency and anti-clogging technologies,which fall short of meeting the comprehensive demands of modern cities for water security,water environment improvement,and aquatic ecological restoration.Therefore,there is an urgent need to explore a systematic and integrated construction paradigm. [Methods]Taking Lianggao Constructed Wetland in Handan as a case study,this research adopts a holistic approach to establish a construction framework comprising multi-objective orientation,multi-dimensional value evaluation,and landscape coordination.The framework integrates a diverse range of treatment units,including ecological detention ponds,subsurface flow wetlands,and surface flow wetlands.Interdisciplinary collaboration spanning landscape architecture,hydrology,ecology,and environmental engineering is leveraged to conduct site assessments,analyze existing resource conditions,and optimize the spatial layout of water storage and purification zones.Concurrently,the design accounts for seasonal variability to enable staggered operation of purification and storage functions,and establishes a joint early-warning management mechanism to ensure the wetland operates stably under various working conditions.Specifically,during the multi-objective orientation phase,the overarching goal is decomposed into specific sub-goals covering water security,water environment,water ecology,water resources,and water culture.For each sub-goal,tailored action frameworks are formulated through cross-disciplinary collaboration.In the landscape coordination phase,the design optimizes temporal,spatial,and resource allocation to strike a balance between the wetland's engineering functionalities and ecological benefits. [Results]The implementation of the Lianggao Constructed Wetland project has yielded remarkable comprehensive benefits across flood regulation,water purification,ecological restoration,and social welfare.In terms of flood mitigation,the wetland employs a zoned and time-phased storage model,with a total storage capacity of 13,000 m3,which has effectively alleviated waterlogging pressure in Handan's old urban districts.From 2021 to 2023,the wetland was used for storage four times,accumulating a total storage volume of 17,000 m3.It successfully withstood several extreme rainfall events in the region,preventing waterlogging disasters in adjacent residential areas.In terms of water purification,the hybrid process combining horizontal subsurface flow and surface flow wetlands achieves a daily treatment capacity of 2,000 m3,with the effluent quality meeting the quasi-Class Ⅲ surface water environmental standard.Monitoring data from 2023 shows that the effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration ranges from 0.2 to 0.8 mg/L,and total phosphorus concentration from 0.01 to 0.06 mg/L,both well below the national discharge limits.The wetland is designed with three operational modes to adapt to varying influent water quality,ensuring consistent purification efficiency even when water quality fluctuates.In terms of social benefits,the wetland has transformed a derelict urban fringe into a comprehensive ecological park,offering residents spaces for leisure,sightseeing,and environmental education.It has also achieved substantial energy-saving and emission-reduction outcomes,saving approximately 730,000 tons of water and 95,000 kWh of electricity annually.[Conclusion]The multi-objective oriented composite constructed wetland model effectively overcomes the limitations of traditional single-function wetland construction.By taking landscape coordination as the core link,it realizes the organic integration of flood regulation,water purification,ecological restoration,and social services.This model not only enhances the urban water ecological environment and bolsters urban resilience but also provides a viable blueprint for similar projects in other cities.The practice of Lianggao Constructed Wetland demonstrates that landscape coordination can effectively balance engineering functionality and ecological benefits,converting constructed wetlands from mere ecological infrastructure into multifunctional urban landscapes that serve both ecological conservation and public recreation.In future urbanization efforts,constructed wetland projects should adhere to the principle of holistic governance,advancing the coordinated development of urban water systems and ecological environments through interdisciplinary collaboration.It is also essential to strengthen long-term monitoring and operational management to ensure the sustainable functioning of wetland ecosystems,while adjusting operational strategies dynamically in response to regional water environment changes and climatic shifts.