渐进分层景观治理:公共经济学视角下深圳湾红树林湿地保护的实践逻辑OACHSSCD

[Objective]In the context of the"Beautiful China"initiative and the active implementation of the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat,coordinating urban development with wetland conservation has become a critical pathway to achieving modernization with harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.Urban mangrove wetlands,as a distinctive type of coastal wetland ecosystem situated in the intertidal zones of tropical and subtropical cities,possess inherent attributes of ecological public goods.Their conservation faces multiple practical bottlenecks,including insufficient spatial integration between terrestrial and marine systems,poor coordination between rigid and flexible protection boundaries,and limited synergy among government,market,and social actors.In response,this study aims to distill the practical logic and theoretical underpinnings of urban wetland conservation from a landscape governance perspective,providing a systematic analytical framework for high-density coastal cities grappling with the inherent tensions between wetland protection and urban development. [Methods]Anchored in the public economics"Institution–Land–Organization"framework,this study employs process tracing as its primary methodological approach.Multi-source data,including satellite remote sensing imagery,policy document repositories,and annual reports from environmental NGOs,are systematically integrated to reconstruct the evolutionary trajectories of mangrove wetland extent,conservation policies,and the proliferation of environmental organizations in Shenzhen Bay over the past four decades.The temporal scope spans from 1979 to 2025,with critical junctures identified at 2012(the deepening of ecological civilization)and 2022(the launch of the International Mangrove Center).The process tracing procedure involves constructing a chronological event sequence,synthesizing institutional,land,and organizational configurations across distinct periods,and conducting cross phase comparative analysis to identify causal mechanisms linking governance changes to mangrove recovery.Complementing this,we employ supply demand curve analysis as a qualitative heuristic tool to characterize how key policy enactments,land boundary adjustments,and stakeholder participation shift the equilibrium of ecological public goods supply and demand,with shadow price reflecting social marginal willingness to pay. [Results]The landscape governance of Shenzhen Bay's mangroves exhibits pronounced characteristics of temporal progression and spatial stratification.Temporally,the mangrove extent follows a U-shaped trajectory:a sharp decline during 1979–2012 due to land-intensive urbanization and tidal flat reclamation;a steady recovery post-2012 catalyzed by the national ecological civilization strategy;and accelerated growth since 2022,driven by the establishment of the International Mangrove Center.Progressivity is evident in three interconnected dimensions:institutional refinement,from local regulations to national legislation such as the Wetland Protection Law of 2022 and comprehensive technical standards;spatial boundary evolution,from rigid protected area boundaries to a composite configuration of"rigid baselines plus flexible networks"incorporating OECMs like OCT Wetland and Futian Mangrove Ecological Park;and governance actor diversification,from exclusive government stewardship to a pluralistic framework involving foundations,NGOs,and community volunteers.Spatially,a stratified transmission pathway links central top level design,local land use implementation,and community participation,forming a multi tiered governance architecture spanning macro,meso,and micro scales. [Conclusion]The fundamental drivers underpinning conservation effectiveness are threefold:institutional internalization of conservation costs,exemplified by the Shenzhen—Hong Kong cooperation agreement that curbed cost shifting incentives;land-level diversification of habitat supply,achieved through reinforcing rigid baselines and expanding flexible OECMs networks;and organizational coordination of multi-stakeholder interests—manifested in collaborative platforms like the Mangrove Conservation Foundation and its co-management model.These mechanisms synergistically optimize the supply demand equilibrium of mangrove ecological public goods.The study's theoretical contributions include articulating a"progressive stratified landscape governance"framework,formulating the causal chain from institutional supply to ecosystem service enhancement,and revealing a distinctive Chinese model characterized by efficiency transmission and responsive feedback.The Shenzhen Bay experience demonstrates that progressive stratified governance,underpinned by the complementarity of protected area baselines and OECMs networks,offers a viable path for megacities to construct resilient wetland conservation networks,providing actionable references for high density coastal cities worldwide facing the fundamental challenge of reconciling wetland conservation with urban development pressures.