电磁频谱具身智能概念、研究现状及发展趋势OA

As the core resource for wireless communications and sensing,the electromagnetic spectrum is undergoing a paradigm shift from passive management to active cognition under the impetus of intelligent technologies.Electromagnet-ic-spectrum embodied intelligence deeply couples the agent with the electromagnetic environment to achieve autonomous sensing,cognition,and control of spectrum resources.This paper provides a systematic review of the theoretical framework,enabling technologies,and application prospects of electromagnetic-spectrum embodied intelligence.Starting from embod-ied-cognition theory,it argues for the legitimacy of"electromagnetic organs"as components of the body of an agent,recon-ceptualizes the electromagnetic spectrum as a key environmental dimension on par with three-dimensional physical space,constructs a mathematical model of the electromagnetic embodied closed loop,and reveals the essence that intelligence emerges from the dynamic coupling between body and environment.Building on a three-layer"sensing-cognition-action"architecture,we analyze core enabling technologies:at the electromagnetic sensing layer,across the signal,spatial,and multi-domain-fusion dimensions,we explain how software-defined radio,cognitive radar,cooperative spectrum sensing,and multimodal fusion enable a leap from physical signals to semantic understanding;at the cognition and decision-making layer,for both platform-constrained and multi-platform collaborative scenarios,we examine how lightweight reinforcement learning,online meta-learning,multi-agent collaborative decision-making,and game-theoretic optimization support autono-mous decision-making and collective coordination in dynamic,adversarial environments;at the action-and-feedback layer,from electromagnetic-environment interaction to embodied-platform reconfiguration,we discuss how dynamic spectrum ac-cess,jamming and counter-jamming,waveform reconfiguration,and hardware reconfigurable technology translate cognitive policies into electromagnetic behaviors and close the loop.We summarize application practices and advantages in represen-tative scenarios such as 6G mobile communications,intelligent electromagnetic system of LEO mega-constellations spec-trum governance for smart cities,and electromagnetic operations on intelligent battlefields.In view of current challenges—including real-time constraints,sample efficiency,safety and robustness,and interpretability—we outline future trends in-volving standardization,ecosystem development,cross-disciplinary theoretical integration,and large-scale engineering de-ployment.The study offers a systematic theoretical reference and a technical roadmap for intelligent spectrum management,contributing to the modernization of spectrum-governance systems and supporting the construction of national information infrastructure.