"十五五"时期以科技创新引领产业现代化的逻辑理路与推进路径OACHSSCD

The Tenth Five-Year Plan period is a crucial stage for China to deepen its efforts in building a modern socialist country.Constructing a modern industrial system,developing new quality productive force,and achieving high-level self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology have become important tasks that affect the overall progress of China's modernization.Technological innovation is not only the core driving force for cultivating new quality productive force but also the inevitable path to optimizing and upgrading the industrial structure,enhancing the country's competitive edge,and consolidating the material and technological foundation of modernization.Against the backdrop of the in-depth evolution of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation and the continuous intensification of international competition and external constraints,leading industrial modernization with technological innovation is both a necessary requirement to follow the laws of productivity development and the trends of industrial change and a realistic choice to promote high-quality development and gain the initiative in future development.Focusing on this contemporary issue,based on the fundamental principles of Marxist political economy,this paper systematically examines the theoretical logic,practical logic,current problems,and advancement paths of technological innovation leading industrial modernization from the perspectives of the movement of productive forces and production relations,the transformation of general intelligence into real productive forces,the deepening of social division of labor,and the reproduction of total social capital.The research shows that technological innovation reshapes laborers,means of labor,objects of labor,and their combination methods,accelerates the entry of scientific knowledge into the production process,drives a qualitative leap in productivity,and forms new quality productive force marked by the improvement of total factor productivity.Once new quality productive force enters the industrial field,it continuously promotes the evolution of industrial innovation towards industrial modernization through the establishment of new technological paradigms,the cultivation of strategic emerging industries,the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries,the reorganization of industrial boundaries,and the optimization of industrial ecosystems.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,China has gone through a development process from technological exploration,coordinated evolution,dual-path advancement to the systematic construction of a modern industrial system in terms of the relationship between scientific and technological progress and industrial development,accumulating significant experience in strategic guidance,leveraging institutional advantages,integrating innovation resources,and fusing science and technology with industry.Particularly since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,China has achieved notable results in driving innovation-driven development,optimizing industrial and supply chains,cultivating new quality productive force,and building a modern industrial system.However,there are still prominent issues such as being constrained by key core technologies,insufficient smoothness in the connection between the innovation chain and the industrial chain,low efficiency in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,blockages in the supply of factors like talent,capital,and data,increased risks to industrial security,and greater pressure from external technological blockades,which have restricted the further improvement of industrial modernization levels.In the new stage and on the new journey,the existing development conditions are no longer fully compatible with the requirements of building a modern industrial system.It is necessary to grasp the practical significance of technological innovation leading industrial modernization from a strategic height,focus on achieving high-level self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology,strengthen basic research and key core technology breakthroughs,enhance the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces,elevate the status of enterprises as the main body of innovation,deepen the reform of the science and technology system and the factor market,promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation,coordinate open development with security guarantees,accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological advantages into industrial,competitive,and development advantages,and provide solid support for Chinese path to modernization.