白芍与赤芍区分依据的历史演变与当代思考OA

This paper systematically reviews the historical evolution of Paeoniae Radix Alba(Baishao)and Paeoniae Radix Rubra(Chishao)from the pre-Qin period to the present,focusing on four key dimensions of medicinal material differentiation,recognition of medicinal effects,pharmacopoeial standards,and resource changes.Initially,the root of Paeonia was used medicinally without distinction between the two forms.The differentiation began to emerge during the Northern and Southern Dynasties,and by the Song Dynasty,a distinction standard centered on"cultivated roots processed by boiling and peeling for Baishao"versus"wild roots directly dried for Chishao"had formed.Concurrently,understanding of their therapeutic actions in successive materia medica texts has deepened,establishing the theoretical framework that"Baishao tonifies and astringes,while Chishao purges and disperses."In modern times,pharmacopoeial standards have undergone several revisions and gradually become standardized.However,since the 21st century,the depletion of wild resources and the proliferation of cultivated alternatives have posed serious challenges to this traditional differentiation framework,prompting a critical reassessment of the basis for differentiation.