高寒地区栽培草地物种多样性与生态系统多功能性关系对建植年限的响应OA

To reveal the response of ecosystem multifunctionality(EMF)to establishment age and its relationship with biodiversity ecosystem multifunctionality(BEMF)in alpine artificial grasslands,this study focused on natural grasslands,degraded grasslands,and artificial grasslands of different establishment ages on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.We integrated 160 data sets from 27 studies published before 2025 using Meta-analysis to explore community characteristics,EMF dynamics,and BEMF relationships across three developmental stages:the initial establishment stage(1-5 years),fluctuation stage(6-14 years),and stable stage(≥15 years).The results showed that:1)Compared with degraded grasslands,both community coverage and aboveground biomass in artificial grasslands increased significantly;species richness increased with increasing establishment age,whereas belowground biomass remained relatively low.Compared with natural grasslands,only aboveground biomass in artificial grasslands was significantly higher(P<0.05),whereas the plant community Shannon diversity index,coverage,and belowground biomass were all significantly lower(P<0.05).2)Throughout the establishment period,the EMF of artificial grasslands was significantly higher than that of degraded grasslands,with the difference increasing from 0.085 in the initial stage to 0.484 in the stable stage.Meanwhile,EMF was significantly lower than that of natural grasslands,although this gap narrowed from 0.454 in the initial stage to 0.276 in the stable stage.This indicates that artificial grasslands act as intermediate ecosystems.3)Species richness was the key factor supporting EMF in artificial grasslands,but its explanatory power exhibited an inverted U-shaped pattern across establishment years(R2 increased from 0.442 in the initial stage to 0.742 in the fluctuation stage and then decreased to 0.394 in the stable stage).Conversely,the role of the Shannon diversity index became more prominent with increasing establishment age,surpassing species richness in explanatory power for EMF during the stable stage(R2=0.625).Through a large-sample integrated analysis,this study identified the characteristics of EMF and its relationship with species diversity in alpine artificial grasslands across different establishment stages,advanced the systematic understanding of the long-term ecological effects of alpine artificial grasslands,and provided a scientific basis for maintaining EMF and implementing stage-specific management of alpine artificial grasslands.