急性主观性耳鸣临床表现及治疗进展OA

Tinnitus refers to the perception of sound in the ear or head without an external sound source.Based on the presence or absence of an internal sound source,it can be classified as objective or subjective tinnitus.Subjective tinnitus is the perception of sound without an objective source or meaningful origin,accounting for the vast majority of tinnitus cases.With a high prevalence,it can not only severely affect patient quality of life but also often co-exist with psychological issues such as anxiety and depression,thereby holding significant clinical and research importance.Current studies indicate that the pathogenesis of acute subjective tinnitus involves multiple factors,including sensorineural hearing loss and central compensatory remodeling.However,its specific pathophysiological processes have not been fully elucidated,and there is a lack of standardized classification and precise diagnostic and treatment strategies in clinical practice.These issues represent key challenges in current tinnitus research.This article systematically reviews the relevant literature and categorizes acute subjective tinnitus with a duration of less than three months into five sub-types:i.e.high risk,hearing loss-related,control system-related,systemic factor-related,and idiopathic,while elaborating on their distinct clinical characteristics.Effective management of acute subjective tinnitus should be based on precise diagnostic classification,with individualized treatment plans developed through multidisciplinary collaboration.Interventions should prioritize addressing the underlying causes,supplemented by symptomatic treatment and psychological support.This review aims to outline existing issues and promote development of precise and systematic approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of acute subjective tinnitus.