母乳功能性蛋白对婴儿消化吸收功能及肠道微生态健康影响的研究进展OA

[Objective]To summarize the types of functional proteins in breast milk and their research progress on infants'digestive and absorptive functions and intestinal microecological health.[Method]Databases includ‐ing CNKI,PubMed and Web of Science were retrieved,with the search results updated to September 2025.Relevant literatures such as animal experiments,infant feeding intervention studies,cohort studies and in vitro experiments on functional proteins in breast milk were consulted to summarize their classification,physiological functions and influencing factors.[Result]Functional proteins in breast milk mainly include whey proteins(containing α-lactalbumin,lactoferrin,osteopontin,etc.),caseins(containing αS1-casein,β-casein and κ-casein),milk fat globule membrane(MFGM)proteins(containing 8 core proteins such as xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase and mucin)and protein hormones.In terms of digestion and absorption,α-lactalbumin hydrolysates can promote the absorption of iron,zinc and manganese,and reduce gastrointestinal discomfort.Osteopontin can promote small intestinal growth and mucosal cell proliferation.β-casein can enhance the absorp‐tion of calcium and zinc and regulate gastric emptying time through its phosphorylated structure.Amylase and bile salt-stimulated lipase can directly regulate the digestion of carbohydrates and fats.In terms of intestinal microecological regulation,lactoferrin and α-lactalbumin can promote the colonization of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.MFGM and secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA)can maintain the stability and balance of intestinal flora.[Conclusion]Functional proteins in breast milk are important nutritional components to ensure infant growth and development,which have both nutritional supply and physiological regulation functions,and exert positive effects on infants'digestive and absorptive functions and intestinal microecological health.