强化水土保持,促进水沙协调,保障黄河长期安澜OA

Over the past eight decades of comprehensive management,the Yellow River has undergone a historic transformation from frequent breaches and flooding to relative stability.However,the issue of water-sediment imbalance remains unresolved,and the"suspended river"continues to operate at a high level,with the basin's long-term stability still facing potential risks and challenges.Soil and water conserva-tion,by reducing sediment inflow into the Yellow River,represents a fundamental solution for ensuring the river's long-term stability from the source.However,in long-term Yellow River management practices,engineering measures for flood control have been prioritized due to the urgency of flood prevention and disaster reduction.These measures are akin to"treating acute illnesses",while fundamental,source-based soil and water conservation efforts,which are akin to"treating chronic illnesses",still require strengthening.Achieving long-term sta-bility of the Yellow River hinges on coordinating the water-sediment relationship,which fundamentally depends on effectively controlling se-vere soil erosion on the Loess Plateau.In essence,soil and water conservation represents a generalized water-sediment regulation approach centered on source control.By altering runoff and sediment generation processes and optimizing the structure of water-sediment allocation,it fundamentally alleviates the structural contradiction of"abundant sediment with scarce water,disparate sources of water and sediment,and mismatched water-sediment processes"and serves as a key pathway to maintaining the scouring-deposition balance.At present,soil and water conservation on the Loess Plateau has entered a new stage characterized by structural optimization and functional enhancement.The focus of governance should shift from expansion-oriented incremental construction to stock optimization driven by structural improvement and functional upgrading.Future efforts should focus on precision governance in stubborn erosion areas,strengthen research on gully-slope hydraulic-gravity coupling erosion mechanisms and control technologies,and systematically promote quality improvement,efficiency enhance-ment,and standard upgrading of existing soil and water conservation projects.The governance model should further shift from prioritizing con-struction to balancing construction with management,bolster disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities under extreme rainfall scenarios,and establish a prevention and control system that coordinates responses to both normal and extreme events to enhance sediment control ca-pacity at the source.In summary,the fundamental and strategic role of soil and water conservation in Yellow River Basin management must be further reinforced,serving as the core support for harmonizing water-sediment relationships and ensuring the long-term stability of the Yellow River,thereby providing a solid foundation for promoting ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.