多组学揭示高纤维日粮下杜洛克猪饲料转化率差异的微生物调控OA

This study aims to dissect the microbiological basis of feed conversion ratio(FCR)differences in Duroc pigs fed high-fiber diets,using multi-omics to reveal the interplay between gut microbiota functional profiles and host responses.Duroc barrows fed a diet containing 30%soybean hulls(crude fiber:13.11%)were selected as experimental subjects.According to the FCR phenotype,they were divided into high feed conversion rate group(HFCR)and low feed conversion rate group(LFCR),with 3 pigs in each group.Rectal contents and mucosal tissues were collected and subjected to integrated metagenomic,transcriptomic,and metabolomic analyses to assess microbial community composition,functional gene expression,and metabolite profiles.Multi-omics integration analysis identified key microbes and potential pathways influencing FCR.The LFCR group demonstrated significant enrichment in fiber-degrading taxa,including Prevotella,Oscillibacter,and Ruminococcus.The microbial CAZyme profile of the LFCR group exhibited increased abundances of glycoside hydrolases,including GH5 and GH13_28,indicating enhanced polysaccharide degradation capacity.Host transcriptomics showed upregulated expression of smooth muscle contraction genes(MYH11,MYL9)in LFCR,in contrast to elevated chemokine genes(CCL19,CXCL2)in HFCR.Metabolomics analysis revealed significantly reduced cellobiose levels in the LFCR group.Multi-omics correlation analysis further indicated significant positive associations between energy metabolism genes(ND5,ND6)and Prevotella sp.CAG:485,P.P5-92,P.P2-180,and Clostridium sp.CAG:413,suggesting a potential synergistic process linking efficient fiber degradation to enhanced host energy metabolism in low-FCR individuals.Under high-fiber diet conditions,low-FCR pigs exhibit enhanced polysaccharide degradation and energy-linked host gene expression,whereas high-FCR counterparts exhibit upregulation of chemokine signaling-related genes.These insights implicate gut microbial functionalities and host-microbe interplay in FCR disparities,offering targets for microbiota-targeted enhancements in fibrous feed efficiency.