减氮对四川丘陵区水稻生理特性、氮素利用及产量的影响OA
Effects of nitrogen reduction on physiological traits,nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rice in the hilly region of Sichuan Province
以'深优粤禾丝苗'和'徽两优粤禾丝苗'为试验材料,设置4个施氮(N)量处理,即180kg/hm2(CK)、150 kg/hm2(N-30)、120 kg/hm2(N-60)、0kg/hm2(N-180),研究了氮肥减施对水稻叶面积指数、干物质积累量、总叶绿素含量、氮素利用及产量的影响.结果表明:'深优粤禾丝苗'N-30处理的干物质积累量和总叶绿素含量均显著高于CK处理;'徽两优粤禾丝苗'N-30处理的氮代谢酶活性最高,N-180处理、N-60处理、CK处理的硝酸还原酶平均活性较N-30处理分别降低47.83％、28.36％、14.13％,谷氨酰胺合成酶平均活性较N-30处理分别降低37.58％、28.96％、21.53％.2个水稻品种CK处理和N-30处理间的氮素积累量均无显著差异,相对来说,N-30处理的水稻氮素利用表现较优.'深优粤禾丝苗'N-30处理的产量较高,与CK处理无显著差异;'徽两优粤禾丝苗'CK处理的产量较高,与N-30处理无显著差异.2个水稻品种CK处理和N-30处理的有效穗数、每穗总粒数、千粒质量均无显著差异,N-30处理的结实率较高.水稻产量与施氮量的回归分析表明,'深优粤禾丝苗'的适宜施氮量为137.07 kg/hm2,对应产量为9 665.52 kg/hm2;'徽两优粤禾丝苗'的产量在施氮量0～180 kg/hm2范围内呈持续增加的趋势.综合考虑水稻产量和氮素利用,在四川丘陵区,应将供试水稻品种的施氮量控制在150 kg/hm2,以确保水稻稳产与促进氮肥高效利用.
Using'Shenyou Yuehe Simiao'and'Huiliangyou Yuehe Simiao'as experimental varieties,four nitrogen(N)application rates were established,namely 180 kg/hm2(CK),150 kg/hm2(N-30),120 kg/hm2(N-60),and 0 kg/hm2(N-180),to investigate the effects of reduced nitrogen application on leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,total chlorophyll content,nitrogen use efficiency,and yield in rice.The results showed that for'Shenyou Yuehe Simiao',dry matter accumulation and total chlorophyll content under N-30 treatment were significantly higher than those under CK treatment.For'Huiliangyou Yuehe Simiao',the activities of nitrogen metabolism enzymes were highest under N-30 treatment;compared with N-30 treatment,the average nitrate reductase activity under N-180,N-60,and CK treatments decreased by 47.83％,28.36％,and 14.13％,respectively,and the average glutamine synthetase activity decreased by 37.58％,28.96％,and 21.53％,respectively.For both rice varieties,there were no significant differences in nitrogen accumulation between CK and N-30 treatments,and overall,their comprehensive nitrogen utilization performance was better under N-30 treatment.The yield of'Shenyou Yuehe Simiao'was highest under N-30 treatment,with no significant difference from CK treatment.The yield of'Huiliangyou Yuehe Simiao'was highest under CK treatment,with no significant difference from N-30 treatment.For both rice varieties,the effective panicle number,total grains per panicle,and 1 000-grain weight did not significantly differ between CK and N-30 treatments,while the seed setting rate was higher under N-30 treatment.Regression analysis of rice yield against N application rate indicated that the optimum N application rate for'Shenyou Yuehe Simiao'was 137.07 kg/hm2,with a corresponding yield of 9 665.52 kg/hm2;the yield of'Huiliangyou Yuehe Simiao'showed a continuous increasing trend over a N application rate range of 0-180 kg/hm2.Considering rice yield performance and nitrogen use efficiency,controlling the nitrogen application rate at 150 kg/hm2 for the tested rice varieties in the hilly region of Sichuan Province can ensure stable rice yield and improve nitrogen use efficiency.
邓俊;杨尔倮;张坷塬;王然;丁建明;张荣萍;兰艳;马鹏
西南科技大学生命科学与农林学院,绵阳 621000西南科技大学生命科学与农林学院,绵阳 621000西南科技大学生命科学与农林学院,绵阳 621000西南科技大学生命科学与农林学院,绵阳 621000西南科技大学生命科学与农林学院,绵阳 621000西南科技大学生命科学与农林学院,绵阳 621000西南科技大学生命科学与农林学院,绵阳 621000西南科技大学生命科学与农林学院,绵阳 621000
农业科技
水稻氮肥减施生理特性氮素利用产量
RiceNitrogen fertilizer reductionPhysiological traitsNitrogen use efficiencyYield
《上海农业学报》 2026 (4)
72-82,11
四川省科技厅项目(2025YFHZ0119)广安市科技项目(2024NYF02)国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2301903)
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