生物质醇蒸汽重整制氢多相催化研究进展:从乙醇到甘油体系的催化构效关系OA

Steam reforming of biomass-derived alcohols(ethanol,ethylene glycol,glycerol,etc.)represents a critical pathway for sustainable hydrogen energy systems.This review systematically examines recent advances in heterogeneous catalysis,elucidating structure-performance correlations between alcohol molecular structures and catalyst requirements.Ethanol is prone to dehydration and methanation side reactions,while ethylene glycol leverages its dihydroxy structure to enhance dehydrogenation and C-C cleavage,improving H2 selectivity.In contrast,glycerol suffers from intensified reaction network complexity and carbon-induced deactivation due to its trihydroxy configuration.The unified catalyst design strategy involves precisely modulating metal electronic structures(e.g.,alloying/atomic-level dispersion)and support oxygen mobility(e.g.,rare-earth modification)to synergistically optimize dehydrogenation and carbon resistance.Ni-based catalysts dominate owing to low cost and high C-C bond activation capability,yet their stability requires synergistic enhancement via alloying(Fe,Co,Cu,etc.)or rare-earth modification(Ce,Pr,La,etc.).Noble metal systems(Pt,Rh,Ir,etc.)exhibit low-temperature activity advantages,but are transitioning strategically toward single-atom catalysis and high-entropy-oxide-based multicomponent architectures under cost constraints.Future efforts are suggested to integrate in situ/operando characterization with theoretical modeling to uncover dynamic structure-activity relationships,establish elementary reaction databases for data-driven rational catalyst design,and achieve cross-scale catalyst-reactor synergy,thereby providing a scientific foundation for efficient sustainable hydrogen production.