植物微生物组基因(M genes)的研究进展OA

The plant microbiome plays a central regulatory role in nutrient utilization,stress tolerance,growth and development,and quality formation.Microbiome genes(M genes)are key genetic elements that regulate the assembly,structure,and function of the plant microbiome,serving as core targets for directed microbiome improvement.This review systematically outlined the concept and core characteristics of M genes and clarified their functional boundaries relative to conventional disease resistance and symbiosis genes.It summarized major technical approaches,including microbiome genome-wide association studies(mGWAS),multi-omics integration,synthetic community(SynCom)validation,and gene editing.In addition,this review proposed a conserved regulatory framework composed of genes,metabolites,functional microbes,and host phenotypes.Furthermore,the review described research progress in M genes regarding plant growth promotion,stress tolerance,disease resistance,and quality improvement,and introduced application strategies such as haplotype breeding,microbiome-assisted genomic selection,precision microbiome engineering,and symbiosis genome breeding.Finally,key bottlenecks were highlighted,including complex regulatory networks,strong environmental dependence,poorly understood multigene coordination mechanisms,unverified cross-species functional conservation,and insufficient field application.Perspectives were provided for future efforts toward breeding climate-smart crops.