环境DNA与环境RNA技术在鱼类多样性研究中的应用进展OA

Fish diversity is critical for the health of aquatic ecosystems and the sustainable development of fisheries.Traditional monitoring techniques for larval fish and rare species suffer from bottlenecks such as high invasiveness and low detection rates.Environmental nucleic acid-based technologies,including environmental DNA and RNA(eDNA and eRNA,respectively),help identify aquatic species by capturing their genetic material released into the water,offering a noninvasive solution for monitoring fish diversity.eDNA is suitable for large-scale and long-term continuous observation,with high detection sensitivity and distinct advantages for extremely low-density popula-tions.By contrast,eRNA can effectively indicate the most recent activity and survival status of species owing to its rapid degradation,helping eliminate false positive results obtained owing to DNA from dead organisms.However,its instability imposes higher requirements on sampling and data analysis.This study points out that eDNA is ap-propriate for biodiversity surveys,whereas eRNA is more advantageous in confirming species survival and moni-toring short-term bioprocesses.Meanwhile,current technologies face several challenges,including the lack of standardized sampling protocols,insufficient primer specificity,and incomplete reference databases.Future direc-tions are proposed to establish technical specifications,promote uniformity in eRNA technology,improve genetic databases,and foster the synergistic application of eDNA quantitative models and eRNA real-time monitoring,so as to provide highly accurate molecular-level monitoring strategies for the conservation and surveillance of aquatic ecosystems.