养殖环境对花鲈形态学、肌肉质构特征与营养品质的塑造作用OA

As an economically important aquaculture species in China,spotted sea bass(Lateolabrax maculatus)has flourished and made notable contributions to the national fishery economy over the past few decades.However,the"south-central-north relay"pattern of cross-regional farming in L.maculatus has led to germplasm mixing among farmed populations across China,posing a major constraint on the sustainable development of the industry.Therefore,understanding the phenotypic variations among populations in major production areas and assessing the shaping effects of aquaculture environments are crucial for improving the overall quality of L.maculatus.In this study,310 market-size L.maculatus strains from three representative production areas in Guangdong,Fujian,and Shandong were examined.Nineteen phenotypic indicators encompassing morphological and muscle texture traits were compared using principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses,and further integrated with nutritional quality evaluation to provide a comprehensive assessment of regional differences in morphology and quality.The results showed that(1)although principal component and cluster analyses confirmed the occurrence of germplasm admixture among populations,significant morphological and muscle texture trait differences were still observed among the regions.L.maculatus from Guangdong exhibited a phenotype characterized by higher fullness(1.90％±0.15％)and body height(9.64±0.38 cm),but shorter body length(35.21±1.45 cm)and caudal peduncle(7.03±0.41 cm),as well as a smaller head(10.13±0.57 cm)and stronger muscle adhesiveness(-25.05±6.73 g·s).L.maculatus from Fujian showed a more slender body shape with a well-developed caudal peduncle,and exhibited the highest values in key texture parameters,including hardness(7 069.34±536.63 g)and springiness(0.69±0.06).The Shandong population displayed a general body shape similar to that from Fujian,but with a more elongated caudal peduncle(9.06±0.74 cm);(2)the muscle nutritional profiles of L.maculatus from the three regions exhibited distinct characteristics,each with distinct advantages.L.maculatus from Guangdong had higher lipid content(3.61％±1.51％)and a more balanced amino acid composition.The Fujian population showed higher protein(20.71％±0.59％)and lower lipid content(1.80％±0.76％),along with a higher proportion of umami amino acids(5.89±0.21 g/100 g),resulting in superior flavor quality.The Shandong population was characterized by markedly higher eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)contents(7.46％±0.65％and 23.01％±1.16％,respectively),demonstrating the most prominent advantage in functional fatty acid nutrition;(3)environmental variation,especially in annual mean temperature and salinity,has emerged as the major driving force for the morphology,muscle texture traits,and nutritional divergence in L.maculatus.Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that caudal peduncle length,EPA and DHA proportions,and crude protein were strongly negatively correlated with temperature but positively correlated with salinity.In contrast,fullness,∑ω-6 PUFA,and crude lipid content showed opposite correlations.Therefore,under the current aquaculture model,the stable production of L.maculatus products with specific quality advantages can still be achieved through scientific regulation of the aquaculture environment,even when germplasm sources are complex.These findings provide a scientific basis for differentiated brand development of L.maculatus across regions and offer theoretical support for environment-based quality improvement and targeted breeding of germplasm admixtures,which are of great significance for enhancing the product quality,efficiency,and sustainability of the L.maculatus industry.