环境样品中钚同位素分析现状与挑战OA

Since the advent of nuclear energy in the twentieth century,atmospheric nuclear weapons testing,nuclear accidents,and spent nuclear fuel reprocessing have released substantial quantities of radionuclides into the environment,including highly toxic plutonium isotopes.The concentrations and isotopic compositions of Pu in environmental samples were important indicators for assessing anthropogenic radioactive contamination,identifying sources of nuclear contamination,and understanding its environmental behavior and transport.The analytical methods for plutonium isotopes in the environment was therefore of great significance for nuclear environmental safety assessment.Previous review articles on plutonium analysis generally focused on specific sample types,individual separation materials,or particular measurement techniques,whereas the individual steps of Pu isotope analysis and their interconnections had not been systematically reviewed,hindering the rational selection of proper analytical methods and the intercomparison of measurement results.This review systematically summarized the current status and recent advances in the pretreatment of samples,separation and purification of plutonium,and measurement of Pu isotopes in environmental samples,including soils,sediments,and waters.Different analytical techniques were compared in terms of sample-processing capacity,separation selectivity,interference removal,detection limits,and measurement precision.Some applications of Pu isotopes analytical methods in nuclear environmental safety assessment and environmental process tracing were briefly demonstrated,including source apportionment,sediment dating,water-mass movement tracing,and soil erosion assessment.Finally,the major challenges and future development trends of analytical methods for Pu isotopes in environmental samples were discussed,aiming to provide technical support for radioactive contamination monitoring and regulation,nuclear environmental safety assessment,and environmental process studies.