基于透射电镜与扫描电镜的多源外泌体形貌表征分析OA

As an important category of extracellular vesicles,exosomes have extended their research scope from mammalian cells to the fields of plants and microorganisms,emerging as a novel focus for cross-species information communication and biomedical research and applications.However,the fundamental physical properties of exosomes from different biological sources,especially the hetero-geneity in morphology and size,have not yet been systematically compared.In this study,transmis-sion electron microscopy(TEM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were employed to conduct multi-dimensional morphological characterization of nine types of exosomes derived from three distinct biological sources:cell sources(human bladder cancer cell lines EJ and 5637,human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells hUC-MSC);plant sources(Camptotheca acuminata,Artemisia annua,Polygonatum odoratum);microbial sources(Escherichia coli ATCC 25922,DH5α,Clostridium dif-ficile).TEM imaging and particle size statistical analysis revealed significant differences in morpholo-gy,average particle size,and distribution uniformity among the particles from different sources.SEM results further verified their three-dimensional morphological characteristics.This study estab-lishes a morphological benchmark for the characterization of cross-species exosomes,and provides key physical parameters for understanding the similarities and differences in their biogenesis mecha-nisms and supporting their subsequent functional applications.