美英俄天然气管输定价机制比较及中国改革路径建议OACHSSCD

This paper examines the natural gas pipeline transportation pricing mechanisms of the United States,the United Kingdom,and Russia and compares them from such four aspects as market structure,price structure,cost allocation,and tariff design.The US mechanism places greater emphasis on market competition and capacity constraints,the UK mechanism focuses on cost sharing and efficiency incentives under a unified pipeline network,and the Russian mechanism prioritizes state-led stable cost recovery.China's current"one-price-per-zone"mechanism has played a positive role in unified price management,but still suffered from poor coordination between provincial and national pipeline tariffs,rough cost allocation,a single tariff structure,and insufficient incentive parameters.It proposes to accelerate the unification of provincial pipeline tariffs and align them with the national pipeline tariff,improve the cost allocation mechanism oriented toward load characteristics,explore differentiated tariff designs for different transportation conditions and service attributes,and simultaneously refine a pricing parameter system integrating technical parameters,revenue parameters,and incentive constraints,so as to continuously optimize the"one-price-per-zone"mechanism and enhance the efficiency of pipeline resource allocation and the effectiveness of the pricing mechanism.