全球可控核聚变领域的进展、挑战及相关思考OACHSSCD

Controlled nuclear fusion is entering a critical phase of engineering validation and commercial exploration.Major science and technology powers have elevated fusion energy to a national strategic priority and advanced commercial deployment through updating development plans,increasing funding,and improving legislative and regulatory frameworks.Global investment in fusion continues to surge,enterprises scale up cross-sector deployment,supply chain integration and international cooperation expand,public-private partnerships deepens,and industrial hubs accelerates to take shape.Breakthroughs have been achieved in both magnetic confinement and inertial confinement fusion,with multiple major facilities worldwide successively attaining high-parameter operation and diverse technical pathways including stellarators and Z-pinch are advancing in parallel.Currently,controlled nuclear fusion still faces such prominent scientific and engineering challenges as burning plasma physics,material performance under extreme conditions,and tritium self-sustaining cycles require further in-depth research and bottlenecks remain in the engineering application of high-temperature superconducting magnets and plasma control.For China's future development,it proposes to strengthen top-level strategic planning,better its institutional frameworks,and to facilitate government and enterprises collaboration to accelerate demonstration projects,sustain fundamental research,tackle core technological bottlenecks,and coordinate the development of multiple pathways to promote integration and innovation across cutting-edge technologies,and actively engage in international cooperation and comprehensively enhance China's competitiveness and influence in the global fusion arena to facilitate the commercialization of fusion energy as early as possible.