聚苯胺及其复合材料的吸波防腐机制与应用研究进展OA

With the rapid advancement of electromagnetic technology and the increasingly complex service environment of engineering equipment,the demand for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing materials in both civilian protection and military stealth applications has become increasingly urgent.Absorbing coating is one of the mainstream technologies for electromagnetic protection.However,in practical applications,the coating may be exposed to harsh service environments,therefore,the materials must possess not only efficient electromagnetic wave absorption capabilities but also excellent environmental adaptability. Polyaniline(PANI),as one of the most important conductive polymers,has attracted widespread attention due to its facile synthesis,low cost,and the combination of dielectric loss characteristics with corrosion resistance.Its tunable doping,outstanding thermal stability,and strong environmental adaptability make it an ideal candidate for microwave absorbing materials,and it has been extensively employed in the fabrication of composite absorbing coatings.Notably,its unique redox activity and proton doping tunability endow it with intrinsic anti-corrosion potential,making it a promising building block for bifunctional microwave absorbing coatings.Nevertheless,inherent limitations,such as insufficient mechanical properties,poor film-forming ability,and high brittleness,still constrain its practical application to some extent. To address these inherent limitations,researchers have developed multi-scale composite systems in recent years by synergistically combining PANI with inorganic or organic functional materials,thereby effectively enhancing the structural integrity and multifunctionality of the resulting materials.The construction strategies for PANI-based composite systems have been extended to encompass multiple dimensions,including structural design,interfacial regulation,and functional integration.Through judicious selection of composite constituents and preparation techniques,it is possible not only to overcome the intrinsic limitations of PANI but also to achieve the integrated convergence of electrical conductivity,corrosion resistance,and electromagnetic wave absorption,thereby meeting the specific requirements of diverse application scenarios.The PANI-based bifunctional materials developed on this basis exhibit both excellent electromagnetic wave absorption and corrosion protection performance:their absorption mechanisms primarily involve dielectric loss and magnetic loss,while their anticorrosion properties rely on the synergistic contributions of the barrier effect and passivation.At present,various strategies have been employed for the targeted modulation of the overall performance of such materials,including the construction of three-dimensional worm-like architectures to enhance structural loss and the introduction of functional dopants to impart intelligent passivation characteristics to PANI coatings. This review summarizes the performance advantages and underlying mechanisms of PANI and its composites,covering their unique redox characteristics,doping mechanisms,multiple electromagnetic wave loss(dielectric loss and magnetic loss)mechanisms,and corrosion resistance mechanisms(barrier effect,electric field effect,and passivation effect).On this basis,the preparation techniques,including solution polymerization,emulsion polymerization,and electrochemical polymerization,are highlighted.Furthermore,the latest advances in PANI-based composites are systematically reviewed from three perspectives of microwave absorption performance,corrosion protection performance,and their synergistic dual functionality.The current challenges and critical issues faced by PANI-based composites are also addressed,including the conflict between microwave absorption and corrosion protection mechanisms,the lack of long-term durability evaluation under realistic service conditions,and the insufficient mechanistic understanding at the microscopic scale.Finally,the future development directions of PANI-based composites are prospected,aiming to provide a reference for fundamental research and application development in polyaniline-based microwave absorbing coating materials.