小麦主效矮秆基因的挖掘与育种利用策略OA
Mining of Major Dwarfing Genes in Wheat and Strategies for Their Utilization in Breeding
矮秆基因是决定小麦株高和抗倒伏能力的关键基因,其广泛利用推动了全世界的小麦绿色革命,发掘和利用优异矮秆种质和基因资源对小麦育种改良和产业发展具有重要意义.以2109份涵盖地方品种、育成品种和引进品种的国家作物种质库库存的六倍体小麦为材料,通过2023-2024年度和2024-2025年度两个生长季度田间株高表型数据调查,结合覆盖小麦全基因组的60K液相捕获SNP芯片的基因型鉴定结果,采用混合线性模型(MLM,mixed linear model)开展全基因组关联分析(GWAS,genome-wide association studies).结果表明,供试种质株高变异类型丰富,不同类型种质间株高差异极显著,从中筛选出320份株高低于85 cm的半矮秆、矮秆及超矮秆资源.基于2个生长季度的株高数据和最佳线性无偏估计(BLUE,best linear unbiased estimation)值,在Bonferroni校正下共鉴定出4个高置信度基因组区域,其中4B、4D和2D染色体的关联区域分别与经典的矮秆基因Rht1(Rht-B1b)、Rht2(Rht-D1b)和Rht8共定位,而在1B染色体Chr1B:332340447处鉴定到一个未见报道的新位点(暂命名为QHt.caas-1B),具有显著的独立降秆效应.单倍型分析表明,QHt.caas-1B的矮秆等位基因型在育成品种占比91.1％,证明该位点被现代育种高频率利用.进一步从320份半矮秆、矮秆及超矮秆(≤85 cm)种质中筛选出248份已聚合特定功能单倍型(H2:Rht2+Rht8+QHt.caas-1B,H3:Rht1+Rht8+QHt.caas-1B,H7:Rht1+Rht2+Rht8+QHt.caas-1B)的矮秆资源供育种利用.本研究基于大规模小麦种质资源,从全基因组关联分析角度阐明小麦矮秆基因的利用特征,为小麦矮秆育种提供重要的基因资源和优异亲本.
Dwarf genes are key factors determining wheat plant height and lodging resistance,the widespread utilization of them has driven the global wheat Green Revolution.The identification and utilization of elite dwarf germplasm and genetic resources are crucial for the improvement of wheat breeding and industrial development.In this study,2109 hexaploid wheat accessions from the National Crop Genebank,including landraces,cultivars,and introduced varieties were used as materials.By conducting field trials of plant height during 2023-2024 and 2024-2025 growing seasons and performing genotyping using a wheat 60K liquid capture SNP chip covering the whole genome,we performed genome-wide association studies(GWAS)using a mixed linear model(MLM).The results indicated that the tested germplasm exhibited abundant variation in plant height,with highly significant differences among different germplasm types.From this panel,320 semi-dwarf,dwarf and ultra-dwarf accessions with plant heights below 85 cm were screened.Based on two growing seasons phenotypic data and best linear unbiased estimation(BLUE)values,four high-confidence association genomic regions were identified under Bonferroni correction.The associated loci on chromosomes 4B,4D,and 2D co-localized with the classic dwarfing genes Rht1(Rht-B1b),Rht2(Rht-D1b),and Rht8,respectively,while a novel unreported locus,tentatively named QHt.caas-1B,was identified at chromosome 1B(Chr1B:332340447),with a significant independent dwarfing effect.Haplotype analysis indicated that 91.1％of modern cultivars possess the dwarf-type allele of QHt.caas-1B,demonstrating that the locus is frequently utilized in modern breeding.Furthermore,248 accessions carrying specific functional haplotypes H2(Rht2+Rht8+QHt.caas-1B),H3(Rht1+Rht8+QHt.caas-1B),and H7(Rht1+Rht2+Rht8+QHt.caas-1B)were screened from the 320 semi-dwarf,dwarf,and ultra-dwarf accessions for use in breeding.Based on large-scale wheat germplasm resources,this study elucidates the utilization patterns of wheat dwarfing genes from a whole-genome perspective,providing valuable genetic resources and elite parental lines for wheat dwarf breeding.
莫光远;张锦鹏;聂纪鲁;张贝祎;曹晓晴;周升辉;韩海明;张润琪;常利芳;李立会
山西农业大学农学院,太原 030031||中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/作物基因资源与育种全国重点实验室,北京 100081||中国农业科学院中原研究中心,河南新乡 453519中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/作物基因资源与育种全国重点实验室,北京 100081||中国农业科学院中原研究中心,河南新乡 453519中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/作物基因资源与育种全国重点实验室,北京 100081中国农业科学院中原研究中心,河南新乡 453519中国农业科学院中原研究中心,河南新乡 453519中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/作物基因资源与育种全国重点实验室,北京 100081中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/作物基因资源与育种全国重点实验室,北京 100081中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/作物基因资源与育种全国重点实验室,北京 100081山西农业大学农学院,太原 030031中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/作物基因资源与育种全国重点实验室,北京 100081||中国农业科学院中原研究中心,河南新乡 453519||崖州湾国家实验室,海南三亚 572025
小麦株高全基因组关联分析矮秆基因种质资源
wheatplant heightgenome-wide association analysisdwarf genesgermplasm resources
《植物遗传资源学报》 2026 (8)
1594-1606,13
农业农村部种业管理司小麦种质资源鉴定项目(19221921,19230606)国家小麦产业技术体系(CARS-03)Wheat Germplasm Resources Identification Task,Department of Seed Industry Management,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(19221921,19230606)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-03)
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