水蛭素抗肿瘤作用研究进展OA

Hirudin is the main active ingredient of hirudo in traditional Chinese medicine.It has anti-coagulation,anti-inflammation,anti-fibrosis and anti-tumor effects.Studies have confirmed that hirudin inhibits the progression of various malignant tumors,including glioblastoma,lung cancer,hepatocellular carcinoma,reproductive system tumors,and bladder cancer,by regulating the expression of cytokines and coagulation-related target genes and influencing the activity of signal-ing pathways such as PI3K/AKT and ERK/MAPK.Its anti-tumor mechanisms involve both direct effects such as inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and migration while inducing apoptosis,and indirect pathways mediated by its anticoagulant proper-ties,including improving the tumor microenvironment,suppressing angiogenesis,and inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT).This review systematically summarizes the role and molecular mechanisms of hirudin in different tumors in the context of tumor development and current treatment approaches.It also discusses existing research limitations and fu-ture directions for clinical application,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for advancing further research and clinical translation of hirudin.