我国虚拟水战略的价值审视、科学定位与实施建议OA

Virtual water provides an important perspective for revealing the embedded water flows in goods and services,offering a new dimension for analyzing water resources allocation and regional water security.This study finds that China's virtual water flow patterns have undergone a fundamental transformation.At the international level,China has shifted from a net exporter to a net importer of virtual water.Domestically,a pronounced"north-to-south virtual water transfer"pattern has emerged,with northern regions exporting an annual average of approximately 42.6 billion m3 of virtual water to the south through the transfer of water-intensive agricultural products.These changes indicate that virtual water has profoundly influenced China's water resources allocation,industrial layout,and water security pattern.Although the virtual water strategy can help alleviate local water stress,identify conflicts between industrial layout and water resource carrying capacity,and promote regional collaborative governance,its application is subject to multiple constraints,including food security,the stage of economic development,data accounting,and the multifunctional attributes of water resources.The analysis indicates that the virtual water strategy should not be viewed as a substitute for physical water management;rather,it should be scientifically positioned as a supplementary governance tool for optimizing water resources allocation and identifying water-related risks.Currently,China's virtual water governance still faces challenges,including insufficient systemic understanding,inadequate integration of its strategic value,ineffective identification of hidden risks,and underdeveloped cross-regional coordination mechanisms.It is recommended that,on the basis of prioritizing food security and water conservation,institutional development in areas such as virtual water accounting,planning and assessment,and supply chain risk early warning should be advanced,supported by industrial upgrading,thereby promoting the coordinated implementation of virtual water and physical water management.