牛至精油在反刍动物生产中的应用效果与研究综述OA

The escalating issue of antibiotic resistance has compelled the global livestock industry to accelerate the search for safe and natural alternative feed additives.Oregano essential oil(OEO),extracted from the oregano plant,possesses multiple biological functions,including antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and growth-promoting activities,primarily attributed to its main active components,carvacrol and thymol.To date,research on OEO in ruminant production has achieved preliminary results;however,there remains academic disagreement regarding its effects on ruminal microecology,methanogenesis,nutrient utilization,and animal health.The existing literature is predominantly based on in vitro experiments and short-term feeding trials,with insufficient data on long-term feeding effects,tissue residue risks,and dose-response relationships.This paper systematically reviewed recent domestic and international research reports on the application of OEO in ruminants such as cattle and sheep,covering major aspects including ruminal fermentation regulation,pathogen inhibition,immune response modulation,and meat and milk quality improvement,while also discussing its potential adverse effects.On this basis,this review provided a theoretical reference for the rational use of OEO as an antibiotic alternative in green ruminant production.