水流挟沙能力公式研究进展OA

Sediment-carrying capacity is a core topic in river dynamics and coastal engineering,serving as a key foundation for analyzing riverbed evolution,watercourse regulation,and sediment transport prediction.Based on domestic and foreign research achievements over the past century,this paper comprehensively reviews the development process,structural forms,and influencing factors of sediment-carrying capacity formulas.Firstly,it clarifies the multi-dimensional definition of sediment-carrying capacity,involving parameters such as flow velocity,hydraulic radius,and settling velocity,and points out that related research has progressively shifted from empirical statistics to theoretical refinement.The formulas are classified from multiple perspectives:according to the treatment approach,they are divided into one-dimensional and two-dimensional problems;based on the driving forces,they are categorized as formulas for open-channel flow and those for combined wave-current action;by methodology,they are grouped into empirical formulas and semi-theoretical formulas;in terms of sediment concentration,they are distinguished as formulas for low-concentration and high-concentration flows;and according to sediment composition,they are classified as formulas for uniform and non-uniform sediments.By analyzing the structural forms and applicable conditions of various sediment-carrying capacity formulas from different angles,a deeper understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms of sediment-carrying capacity is achieved,providing references for further refinement of the formulas.To verify the applicability of the formulas,this study selects hydrological and sediment data from the lower Yellow River after the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir.Using erosion-deposition discrimination indicators,measured data under sediment transport equilibrium conditions are screened,and the applicability of six typical formulas in the lower Yellow River under the new hydrological regime is analyzed.