柔性氧化锆基陶瓷纤维的研究进展OA

In high-end industrial sectors,such as aerospace and energy equipment,there is an increasingly urgent demand for ceramic fiber materials with excellent thermal insulation properties and good flexibility under extreme high-temperature conditions.Traditional ceramic fibers have shown significant progress regarding high-temperature resistance and mechanical properties.Recently,zirconia-based ceramic fibers have attracted considerable attention due to their ultra-high temperature limits,extremely low thermal conductivity,outstanding thermal stability,and phase transformation strengthening effects.Collectively,these characteristics demonstrate exceptional comprehensive performance and significant potential for engineering applications. This paper systematically reviews the progress of domestic and international research on the preparation of flexible zirconia-based fibers.It focuses on the principles and characteristics of mainstream spinning technologies,including electrostatic spinning,centrifugal spinning,and dry spinning,as well as their effects on the structural properties of the fibers.Electrostatic spinning technology is capable of producing continuous nanofibers with a uniform diameter distribution and a large specific surface area;however,it faces limitations in macroscale production efficiency and fiber strength.In contrast,centrifugal spinning offers high preparation efficiency and is suitable for large-scale production of micrometer-scale fibers,although there is still room for improvement in controlling fiber orientation.Dry spinning is compatible with certain polymer precursor systems and allows for good control of fiber morphology.However,it does not enhance fiber orientation control during high-temperature firing and is susceptible to structural defects during high temperature sintering.In this paper,the flexibility mechanism is elucidated as originating from microscale regulation achieved via doping.At the microscopic level,doping regulates crystalline phases and alleviates stress through optimization.At the mesoscopic level,it controls grain size and suppresses intergranular cracking.Ultimately,at the macroscopic level,it achieves collaborative energy dissipation through synergistic interactions between the fibers and their network structure.By regulating the spinning process,it is possible to optimize the internal grain size,pore distribution,and phase composition of the fibers,thus balancing their thermal insulation and flexibility.Under extremely high temperatures,strong thermal shocks,and complex stress environments,these materials demonstrate good structural integrity and thermal stability,indicating broad application prospects in aerospace thermal protection systems,high-thrust-to-weight-ratio engine insulation,high-temperature pipeline insulation for energy equipment,and key components of next-generation nuclear energy systems. Despite significant advancements in the research of flexible zirconia-based fiber materials,several challenges remain in their practical engineering applications,including insufficient long-term thermal stability,loss of flexibility in high-temperature environments,immaturity of continuous preparation technology,and high production costs.Future research should prioritize the optimization of fiber formation and the exploration of multiscale structural control strategies to enhance the overall performance and durability of these fibers.Additionally,efforts should aim to the advance the preparation process towards environmentally friendly,cost-effective,and large-scale production.Promoting the integrated design of material structure and function will further accelerate the application of flexible zirconia-based ceramic fibers in high-end equipment.