量子安全直接通信OA

Quantum secure direct communication is a quantum communication technology that uses quantum states as carriers to transmit information securely and directly,first proposed by a team at Tsinghua University in 2000.Quantum communication broadly refers to informa-tion transfer processing tasks accomplished through the transmission of quantum states,which can be categorized into three types based on the content transmitted:quantum key dis-tribution for transmitting random numbers,quantum secure direct communication for trans-mitting classical information,and quantum teleportation for transmitting quantum informa-tion.After more than two decades of development,quantum secure direct communication has matured and entered practical application:a theoretical framework tailored for scenarios with high loss,high noise,and stringent security requirements has been established;experimental demonstrations of quantum direct communication in optical fibers and free space have been completed;three milestone systems for quantum secure direct communication at the metropol-itan,intercity,and network levels have been built;and successful trials have been conducted in various scenarios such as 5G private networks and banking applications.Quantum secure direct communication offers multiple applications:it prevents information leakage by detecting eavesdropping,ensuring information security;identifies exposed locations by monitoring sur-veillance activities,providing technical support for preventing targeted eliminations and safe-guarding commanders'personal safety;and detects intrusion and tampering behaviors,offer-ing novel protection for cybersecurity.Currently,quantum direct communication has been in-corporated into relevant planning documents in China,the European Union,and the United States,and is undergoing rapid development.This article briefly outlines the historical devel-opment,fundamental principles,research advancements,and future prospects of quantum di-rect communication.