甘肃小陇山林区地表甲虫多样性OA

To investigate the community structure and diversity characteristics of ground beetles,systematic surveys were conducted from 2020 to 2021 in the Xiaolongshan forest region of the western Qinling Mountains,Gansu province.Diversity patterns across seasonal,habitat,and spatial dimensions were examined using α-and β-diversity analyses,clustering techniques,etc.A total of 3 090 ground beetle individuals were collected,belonging to 27 families,225 genera,and 383 species,with Carabidae identified as the dominant family.α-diversity analysis revealed no significant differences among seasons,while mixed coniferous-broadleaf forests exhibited significantly higher species richness and Shannon-Wiener's diversity indix than broadleaf forests,farmlands,and coniferous forests.Baihua plot showed the highest species number and richness index,while Liziyuan plot had the highest individual density,though no significant differences were found in other diversity indix among plots.β-diversity analysis indicated low species composition similarity among seasons,with species turnover being the core process driving community differences.Mixed coniferous-broadleaf forests showed the highest β-diversity differences and endemic species richness compared to other habitats.Yanping plot exhibited significant species turnover and high species richness,while Gaoqiao and Baihua plots showed prominent nestedness components.Clustering analysis revealed a continuous pattern of community structure across seasons,habitats,and plots.In conclusion,the ground beetle diversity in the Xiaolongshan forest region was characterized by a multi-scale assembly pattern dominated by species turnover.Specifically,diversity was operated through phenological driving,habitat filtering,and spatial isolation.Collectively,these mechanisms provide multi-scale niche spaces that allow species with different ecological requirements to coexist,thereby maintaining high regional biodiversity.These results could provide a scientific basis for ecosystem health assessment,habitat conservation,and biodiversity management in the region.